Pancreas and Gallbladder Quiz

Sudden inflammation of the pancreas, causing autodigestion by enzymes.

Due to autodigestion from activated trypsinogen and enzyme leakage.

Includes abdominal pain, elevated amylase/lipase, and secondary effects like hypocalcemia.

Localized collection of pancreatic secretions from damaged ducts, often post-inflammation.

Long-term inflammation resulting in loss of pancreatic tissue and fibrosis.

Factors like alcoholism and hyperlipoproteinaemia contribute to chronic cases.

Characterized by fibrosis, acinar loss, and duct obstruction.

Possible outcomes include sterile abscesses, pseudocysts, and duodenal obstruction.

The presence of stones in the gall bladder, primarily cholesterol or pigment stones.

Inflammation of the gall bladder, often due to stone obstruction, causing bile stasis and possible infection.

Long-term inflammation of the gall bladder, characterized by a thickened wall and possible gallstones.

Outpouchings or sinuses in the mucosa of a chronically inflamed gall bladder.

A rare cancer of the gall bladder, often linked to gallstones, commonly found in women.

Secretes 2-2.5 liters/day of bicarbonate-rich fluid with digestive enzymes.

A genetic disorder affecting the pancreas, leading to thick secretions and obstructive problems.

A malignant tumor of the pancreas, usually adenocarcinoma, often asymptomatic until advanced.

Most pancreatic tumors arise in the head (60%), followed by body (5%) and tail (5%).

A genetic mutation common in pancreatic cancer, present in approximately 90% of cases.

Common symptoms include abdominal pain, jaundice, weight loss, and malaise.

Key risk factors include smoking, alcoholism, high-fat diet, and chronic pancreatitis.

CEA and CA19-9 are commonly used tumor markers but are often unreliable for pancreatic cancer.