Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Myelodysplastic Syndromes

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What is a characteristic feature of myeloproliferative neoplasms?

The neoplastic clone continues to undergo terminal differentiation but exhibits increased or dysregulated growth. (correct)

The neoplastic clone is characterized by a decrease in formed elements in the peripheral blood.

The neoplastic clone fails to undergo terminal differentiation.

The neoplastic clone is characterized by a complete block in differentiation.

What is the diagnostic criterion for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)?

Neoplastic accumulation of immature myeloid cells (> 10%) in the bone marrow

Neoplastic accumulation of immature myeloid cells (> 20%) in the bone marrow (correct)

Neoplastic accumulation of immature lymphoid cells (> 20%) in the bone marrow

Neoplastic accumulation of immature myeloid cells (> 30%) in the bone marrow

What is characteristic of Auer rods in AML?

They are crystalline aggregates of myeloperoxidase (MPO) (correct)

They are present in the nucleus of myeloblasts

They are amorphous aggregations of myeloperoxidase (MPO)

They are membranous structures in the cytoplasm of myeloblasts

What is the characteristic translocation in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)?

t(15;17) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)?

Treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA, a vitamin A derivative) Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of Acute Monocytic Leukemia?

Proliferation of monoblasts; usually lack MPO Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the peripheral blood smear in CML?

Granulocytic forms at various stages of differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of CML compared to a leukemoid reaction?

Negative leukocyte alkaline phosphatase stain Signup and view all the answers

What is the common cytogenetic abnormality seen in CML?

t(9;22) Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying mechanism of marrow fibrosis in myelofibrosis?

Production of platelet-derived growth factor by megakaryocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the peripheral blood smear in myelofibrosis?

Leukoerythroblastic smear Signup and view all the answers

What is the associated mutation seen in half of the cases of myelofibrosis?

JAK2 kinase mutation Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic age of onset for Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia associated with Down syndrome?

Before the age of 5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication of Myelodysplastic syndromes?

Infection or bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms?

Neoplastic proliferation of mature cells of myeloid lineage Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic abnormality driving Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)?

t(9;22) translocation Signup and view all the answers

What is the first line treatment for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)?

Imatinib Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physical finding in patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)?

Splenomegaly Signup and view all the answers