25 Questions
What is the main function of the kidney?
Regulating volume, osmolarity, mineral composition, and acidity
Which type of feedback loop is mainly observed in nephrology?
Positive feedback loops
What process does the kidney involve to maintain homeostasis in the body?
Regulation and excretion
What is a characteristic of positive feedback loops?
Response to a change intensifies the original change
How does the kidney help in preventing edema?
By regulating volume and excreting excess intake
What is a major renal function related to the excretion of metabolic waste products?
Urea elimination
Which of the following is a function of the endocrine system related to the kidneys?
Production of erythropoietin
What triggers the secretion of erythropoietin in the kidneys?
Low O2 tension in the kidneys
Which substance is NOT a metabolic waste product excreted by the kidneys?
Bilirubin from liver metabolism
What is the function of renin in the kidneys?
Regulate blood pressure
What basic principle explains why the osmolarities of intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) remain almost exactly equal to each other?
Water moves rapidly across cell membranes
What happens to the number of osmoles in the ECF or ICF according to the text?
Remains constant unless solutes are added or lost
Which organ is primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis by ensuring excretion, regulation, and secretion?
Kidneys
What are the most closely regulated parameters mentioned in the text?
Osmolality and volume
Why can't osmolality and tonicity be used interchangeably?
Because tonicity refers to the concentration of water relative to a cell, while osmolality refers to solute concentration
What is the primary determinant of the rate of angiotensin II formation?
Vitamin D
Which of the following statements about urine output is true?
UNa may vary from 0.05g/24h to 20g/24h
What is the major extracellular component in the body?
Sodium
What separates the cells from the capillary lumen in the body?
Interstitial fluid
What is true regarding osmosis?
It involves movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane
What does tonicity refer to?
The capacity of a solution to cause a change in cell volume
What is true about isoosmotic and isotonic solutions?
They cause changes in cell volume
Which factor determines fluid exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid?
Hydrostatic and oncotic pressures
What does osmolality measure?
Number of osmoles/Kg of water
When comparing solutions based on tonicity, what does an isotonic solution mean?
The solution has the same osmolarity as another solution.
This quiz covers the renal module focusing on nephrology and general internal medicine. Topics include diseases of the kidneys, glomerular diseases, urine abnormalities, renal vascular diseases, nephrolithiasis, hypertension, electrolyte imbalances, and more.
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