Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which chemical mediator directly mediates tissue damage during acute inflammation?
Which chemical mediator directly mediates tissue damage during acute inflammation?
- Bradykinin
- Histamine
- Oxygen metabolites (correct)
- Serotonin
- Prostaglandin
Which chemical mediator primarily increases vascular permeability during acute inflammation?
Which chemical mediator primarily increases vascular permeability during acute inflammation?
- Histamine (correct)
- Leukotriene
- Prostaglandin
- Serotonin
- Bradykinin
Which of the following chemical mediators is directly responsible for vasodilation during acute inflammation?
Which of the following chemical mediators is directly responsible for vasodilation during acute inflammation?
- Serotonin
- Prostaglandin
- Histamine (correct)
- Bradykinin
- Leukotriene
What is the direct role of oxygen metabolites in tissue damage during acute inflammation?
What is the direct role of oxygen metabolites in tissue damage during acute inflammation?
Which chemical mediator is involved in both vasodilation and increased vascular permeability during acute inflammation?
Which chemical mediator is involved in both vasodilation and increased vascular permeability during acute inflammation?
Which of the following cardinal signs of acute inflammation is primarily caused by fluid exudation?
Which of the following cardinal signs of acute inflammation is primarily caused by fluid exudation?
Which chemical mediator is responsible for both vasodilation and sensitizing nerve endings, leading to pain during acute inflammation?
Which chemical mediator is responsible for both vasodilation and sensitizing nerve endings, leading to pain during acute inflammation?
What primarily causes redness during acute inflammation?
What primarily causes redness during acute inflammation?
Which cardinal sign of acute inflammation directly results from the stimulation of nerve endings?
Which cardinal sign of acute inflammation directly results from the stimulation of nerve endings?
What primarily causes the sensation of hotness during acute inflammation?
What primarily causes the sensation of hotness during acute inflammation?
Which cardinal sign of acute inflammation often leads to functional impairment?
Which cardinal sign of acute inflammation often leads to functional impairment?
What is the primary cause of swelling observed during acute inflammation?
What is the primary cause of swelling observed during acute inflammation?
Which chemical mediator directly stimulates nerve endings to induce pain during acute inflammation?
Which chemical mediator directly stimulates nerve endings to induce pain during acute inflammation?
What is the primary functional role of prostaglandins during acute inflammation?
What is the primary functional role of prostaglandins during acute inflammation?
Which of the following is NOT considered a cardinal sign of acute inflammation?
Which of the following is NOT considered a cardinal sign of acute inflammation?
What is the primary functional role of eosinophils in allergic inflammation?
What is the primary functional role of eosinophils in allergic inflammation?
What's a characteristic microscopic feature of necrotic tissues observed during acute inflammation?
What's a characteristic microscopic feature of necrotic tissues observed during acute inflammation?
Which type of cell is typically most numerous in pyogenic infections?
Which type of cell is typically most numerous in pyogenic infections?
Which type of cell is most likely predominant in allergic inflammatory responses?
Which type of cell is most likely predominant in allergic inflammatory responses?
In the context of acute inflammatory cells, what is a microscopic feature commonly seen in viral infections?
In the context of acute inflammatory cells, what is a microscopic feature commonly seen in viral infections?
What role do neutrophils play in the formation of pus during acute inflammation?
What role do neutrophils play in the formation of pus during acute inflammation?
What is the primary role of neutrophils during acute inflammation?
What is the primary role of neutrophils during acute inflammation?
Which microscopic feature is indicative of necrotic tissue during acute inflammation?
Which microscopic feature is indicative of necrotic tissue during acute inflammation?
Which cell type is most often involved in viral infections during acute inflammation?
Which cell type is most often involved in viral infections during acute inflammation?
Which type of phagocytic cell is derived from blood monocytes and participates in acute inflammation?
Which type of phagocytic cell is derived from blood monocytes and participates in acute inflammation?
What type of cell is most prevalent in pyogenic infections and forms pus upon its death?
What type of cell is most prevalent in pyogenic infections and forms pus upon its death?
Which cell type is predominantly associated with allergic inflammation?
Which cell type is predominantly associated with allergic inflammation?
What is the primary role of macrophages during acute inflammation?
What is the primary role of macrophages during acute inflammation?
During acute inflammation, what microscopic vascular change is usually observed?
During acute inflammation, what microscopic vascular change is usually observed?
What is the distinctive feature of tissues impacted by acute-induced inflammation?
What is the distinctive feature of tissues impacted by acute-induced inflammation?
Acute inflammatory edema causes what unique microscopic characteristic?
Acute inflammatory edema causes what unique microscopic characteristic?
Which of the following microscopic visualization signifies acute inflammatory edema?
Which of the following microscopic visualization signifies acute inflammatory edema?
How do blood vessels appear differently during acute inflammation under a microscope?
How do blood vessels appear differently during acute inflammation under a microscope?
What microscopic edema-tissue characteristic indicates inflammation?
What microscopic edema-tissue characteristic indicates inflammation?
Which microscopic feature is indicative of congested blood vessels during acute inflammation?
Which microscopic feature is indicative of congested blood vessels during acute inflammation?
During acute inflammation, if neutrophil extravasation is experimentally inhibited, which of the following secondary effects would be most likely observed in the affected tissue?
During acute inflammation, if neutrophil extravasation is experimentally inhibited, which of the following secondary effects would be most likely observed in the affected tissue?
A researcher is investigating a novel anti-inflammatory drug that aims to specifically inhibit the production of prostaglandins. Which of the following outcomes would directly confirm the drug’s efficacy?
A researcher is investigating a novel anti-inflammatory drug that aims to specifically inhibit the production of prostaglandins. Which of the following outcomes would directly confirm the drug’s efficacy?
If a patient's acute inflammatory response shows elevated levels of leukotrienes with normal histamine levels, which specific aspect of the inflammatory process is most likely to be disproportionately affected?
If a patient's acute inflammatory response shows elevated levels of leukotrienes with normal histamine levels, which specific aspect of the inflammatory process is most likely to be disproportionately affected?
In a scenario where oxygen metabolites are experimentally blocked during acute inflammation, which subsequent cellular activity would be least directly affected?
In a scenario where oxygen metabolites are experimentally blocked during acute inflammation, which subsequent cellular activity would be least directly affected?
A biopsy taken from a chronically inflamed tissue shows significant fibrosis and collagen deposition. Which of the following initial acute inflammatory events most likely contributed to this outcome?
A biopsy taken from a chronically inflamed tissue shows significant fibrosis and collagen deposition. Which of the following initial acute inflammatory events most likely contributed to this outcome?
Flashcards
Tissue Damage Mediator
Tissue Damage Mediator
Oxygen metabolites, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), cause direct tissue damage during acute inflammation.
Vascular Permeability Mediator
Vascular Permeability Mediator
Histamine increases vascular permeability, allowing immune cells and proteins to move to the inflammation site.
Tissue Damage Cause
Tissue Damage Cause
Oxygen metabolites, like reactive oxygen species (ROS), cause direct tissue damage during acute inflammation.
Vascular Permeability Cause
Vascular Permeability Cause
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Primary Vasodilation Mediator
Primary Vasodilation Mediator
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Role of Oxygen Metabolites
Role of Oxygen Metabolites
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Mediator for Vasodilation and Permeability
Mediator for Vasodilation and Permeability
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Cardinal Sign: Fluid Exudation
Cardinal Sign: Fluid Exudation
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Both Vasodilation and Pain
Both Vasodilation and Pain
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Cause of Redness
Cause of Redness
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Stimulation of Nerve Endings
Stimulation of Nerve Endings
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Cardinal Sign: Nerve Stimulation
Cardinal Sign: Nerve Stimulation
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Cause of Hotness
Cause of Hotness
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Cardinal sign of impairment
Cardinal sign of impairment
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Cause of Swelling
Cause of Swelling
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Pain Mediator
Pain Mediator
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Role of Prostaglandins
Role of Prostaglandins
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Primary Redness Cause
Primary Redness Cause
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Chemical Mediator
Chemical Mediator
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NOT a Cardinal Sign?
NOT a Cardinal Sign?
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Primary Role of this cell
Primary Role of this cell
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Feature of necrotic tissues
Feature of necrotic tissues
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Most numerous cell
Most numerous cell
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Allergic Inflammation
Allergic Inflammation
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Microscopic Feature
Microscopic Feature
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Neutrophils role of pus
Neutrophils role of pus
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Acute Inflammation
Acute Inflammation
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Microscopic of necrotic tissue
Microscopic of necrotic tissue
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Cell type present viral infections?
Cell type present viral infections?
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Type of cell macrophage?
Type of cell macrophage?
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Pus occurs?
Pus occurs?
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Allergic Infection?
Allergic Infection?
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Primary function of macrophages
Primary function of macrophages
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Affect Blood during acute Infection.
Affect Blood during acute Infection.
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Acute Infection?
Acute Infection?
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Indicative in inflammatory edema?
Indicative in inflammatory edema?
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Characteristic of the inflammatory edema
Characteristic of the inflammatory edema
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Microscopic
Microscopic
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The microscopic edema of tissues
The microscopic edema of tissues
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Microscopic
Microscopic
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Study Notes
- Acute inflammation involves chemical mediators that play specific roles in the process.
- Histamine, oxygen metabolites, prostaglandins, bradykinin, and leukotrienes are some chemical mediators.
- Cardinal signs of acute inflammation include redness, hotness, swelling, pain, and loss of function.
Chemical Mediators & Their Roles
- Oxygen metabolites, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), released by neutrophils and macrophages, directly damage tissue during acute inflammation.
- Histamine causes vasodilation by increasing vascular permeability, allowing allowing immune cells and proteins to move from the bloodstream to the site of inflammation and is a necessary component of acute inflammation.
- Bradykinin stimulates nerve endings and induces pain
- Prostaglandins also sensitize nerve endings, leading to pain during acute inflammation and contribute to vasodilation.
Cardinal Signs of Acute Inflammation
- Increased blood flow to the affected area due to vasodilation causes redness and hotness during acute inflammation.
- Fluid exudation from blood vessels into the surrounding tissues results to edema and swelling.
- Pain rises because chemical mediators such as bradykinin and prostaglandins stimulate nerve endings.
- Both pain, swelling and tissue damage can impair the normal function of the affected area causing loss of function.
Immune Cells in Acute Inflammation
- Neutrophils are the primary cells in pyogenic infections and create pus when they die after phagocytosis.
- Lymphocytes are the primary immune cells involved in viral infections.
- Eosinophils combat allergens and parasites with toxic proteins in allergic inflammation and parasitic infections.
- Macrophages are key for phagocytosis of pathogens and debris.
- Macrophages derive from blood monocytes.
Microscopic Features of Acute Inflammation
- Necrotic tissues have degenerated cells.
- Fluid exudate causes acute inflammatory edema, tissue separation, and pale staining of fibers and fibrin.
- Blood vessels become thin-walled, dilated, and congested.
- Acute inflammatory cells are seen during viral infections.
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