Mediators of Inflammation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which receptors are primarily involved in the inflammatory response?

H1 and H2 receptors

H3 and H4 receptors

H1 and H4 receptors (correct)

H2 and H3 receptors

H1 receptors are mainly found on immune cells only.

False

What are two common triggers of anaphylaxis?

Peanuts and insect stings

Antihistamines block histamine receptors on tissues, thus reducing the effect of __________ and the resultant allergic symptoms.

histamine Signup and view all the answers

Match the following anaphylaxis triggers with their categories:

Peanuts = Food Penicillin = Medications Shellfish = Food Latex = Non-food triggers Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of histamine in the inflammatory response?

Increases vascular permeability and causes dilation of blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

Heparin promotes blood clotting at the injury site.

False Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are mast cells primarily involved with in inflammation?

Leukocytes Signup and view all the answers

____ is a mediator involved in the dilation of blood vessels and contributes to pain during inflammation.

Bradykinin Signup and view all the answers

Match the chemical mediators of inflammation to their descriptions:

Histamine = Contributes to vasodilation and permeability Complement = Comprises over 20 proteins and aids in immune response Leukotrienes = Chemically attracts neutrophils and macrophages Prostaglandins = Causes vasodilation Signup and view all the answers

What role do neutrophils play during the inflammatory response?

Kill or degrade pathogens Signup and view all the answers

The four types of histamine receptors are: , , , and .

H1, H2, H3, H4 Signup and view all the answers

Macrophages are primarily responsible for secreting factors that promote blood clotting.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the first line of treatment for an anaphylactic reaction?

Epinephrine Signup and view all the answers

Anaphylaxis can occur slowly over several hours.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name one symptom of anaphylaxis.

Wheezing Signup and view all the answers

Epinephrine may be administered via the ________ route as the preferred method of treatment.

intramuscular Signup and view all the answers

Match the symptoms of anaphylaxis with their descriptions:

Cyanosis = Decreased tissue oxygenation Hives = Skin reaction characterized by red, itchy welts Weakness = General feeling of lack of strength Low blood pressure = Condition of insufficient blood circulation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT typically associated with an inflammatory response?

Anemia Signup and view all the answers

Autoimmune disorders involve the body misinterpreting its own tissues as harmful.

True Signup and view all the answers

Name two examples of autoimmune responses involving inflammation.

Psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Signup and view all the answers

Patients with mild alterations may need palliative care, rest, and reminders related to safety and ________ prevention.

injury Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their inflammatory component:

Gallbladder disease = Biliary colic Nephritis = Kidney inflammation Ulcerative colitis = Inflammation of the colon Asthma = Airway inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mediators of Inflammation

Mast cells are key players in inflammation, located in tissues like skin, respiratory system, and intestines.
Histamine and heparin are major inflammatory mediators released by mast cells.
Histamine causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, while heparin prevents blood clotting.
This combined action allows blood to easily reach the injured site, leading to the redness (erythema) and swelling associated with inflammation.

Inflammatory Cells

Blood platelets release clotting proteins at the wound site.
Mast cells secrete factors that regulate blood vessel dilation and constriction.
Neutrophils kill/degrade pathogens and secrete factors to remove them by phagocytosis.
Macrophages also phagocytize pathogens and secrete cytokines that attract immune cells and aid in tissue repair.

Histamine Receptors

There are four types of histamine receptors: H1, H2, H3, and H4.
H1 and H4 receptors are involved in the inflammatory response.
H1 receptors are primarily found on smooth muscle cells, endothelium, and the central nervous system.
Stimulation of H1 receptors causes vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, pain, itching, and hives.
H4 receptors are located in peripheral white blood cells (WBCs) and mast cells, contributing to immune responses.

Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis occurs when a rapid release of inflammatory mediators, such as histamine, is triggered by an allergen.
Untreated anaphylaxis can lead to death due to airway obstruction or vascular collapse.
Common triggers of anaphylaxis include food allergies (peanuts, shellfish, milk, eggs), insect stings, medications (penicillin, anesthetic agents, NSAIDs), and latex.

Anaphylaxis

Life-threatening allergic reaction.
Rapid onset: seconds to minutes.
Immediate emergency medical system (EMS) activation.
Signs and symptoms:
- Airway inflammation, throat swelling (potential airway blockage)
- Wheezing, labored breathing
- Abnormal heart rhythm
- Low blood pressure
- Weakness, light-headedness, dizziness
- Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
- Cyanosis (decreased tissue oxygenation) or pallor (shock)
- Hives, itching
First-line treatment: Epinephrine
- Dilates bronchi to improve airflow.
- Constricts blood vessels to raise blood pressure.
- Counteracts negative effects of the allergic response.
- Administration:
  - Intramuscular (preferred)
  - Subcutaneous, intraosseous, or intravenous
Auto-injectors: Adrenaclick, Auvi-Q, EpiPen.
EMS call: Essential even when auto-injector is used.
Airway protection: Critical during and after anaphylaxis.
- Adjunctive medications: beta-agonists, antihistamines, corticosteroids.
Severe laryngeal swelling: May require tracheotomy.

### Inflammation

Can occur in any part of the body
Many diseases involve inflammation such as allergies, autoimmune diseases, and infections.
Autoimmune diseases occur when the body mistakenly attacks its own tissues
Some examples of autoimmune diseases include psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Inflammation can cause complications for patients, especially those with infections
Mild inflammation may only require simple care, rest, and safety precautions.
Infections require treatment as acute inflammation can lead to further complications.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the mediators of inflammation and their roles in the immune response. This quiz covers key concepts such as mast cells, histamines, and various inflammatory cells involved in the healing process. Understand the mechanisms behind redness, swelling, and the function of different cells in inflammation.