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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a correct definition of thrombus?
What conditions promote the development of venous and arterial thrombosis?
What is the main difference between arterial thrombus and venous thrombus?
Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of varicose veins?
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What is the primary cause of primary hypertension?
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Which of the following is a common symptom of deep vein thrombosis?
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What is the main cause of orthostatic hypotension?
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Which of the following is a manifestation of left heart failure?
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Which of the following can cause diastolic heart failure?
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What is the most common cause of right heart failure?
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Which of the following is the primary cause of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?
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Which of the following is a risk factor for Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)?
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What is the main symptom of Stable Angina?
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What is the main purpose of angiogenesis in the context of myocardial ischemia?
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Which type of shock is characterized by decreased cardiac output and evidence of tissue hypoxia?
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Which type of shock is caused by infection, bacteremia, or systemic inflammatory response syndrome?
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Which condition is characterized by the fibrotic pericardium encasing the heart in a rigid shell?
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Which valvular dysfunction is characterized by the mitral valve not closing completely during left ventricular systole?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of unstable angina?
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What is the main difference between STEMI and NSTEMI?
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What is the main cause of sudden cardiac death in acute coronary syndromes?
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What is the main difference between myocardial stunning and hibernating myocardium?
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Study Notes
Thrombus and Thrombosis
- A thrombus is a blood clot that forms in a vessel and remains there.
- Conditions that promote the development of venous and arterial thrombosis include injury to the vessel wall, stagnation of blood flow, and hypercoagulability.
- The main difference between arterial thrombus and venous thrombus is the direction of blood flow and the pressure in the vessel.
Varicose Veins
- A risk factor for the development of varicose veins is prolonged standing or sitting.
Hypertension
- The primary cause of primary hypertension is unclear, but it is likely due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Deep Vein Thrombosis
- A common symptom of deep vein thrombosis is pain or tenderness in the affected leg.
Orthostatic Hypotension
- The main cause of orthostatic hypotension is a sudden decrease in blood pressure when standing up from a lying down or sitting position.
Heart Failure
- A manifestation of left heart failure is pulmonary congestion.
- Causes of diastolic heart failure include hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease.
- The most common cause of right heart failure is left heart failure.
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- The primary cause of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries.
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
- A risk factor for Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is smoking.
Angina
- The main symptom of Stable Angina is chest pain that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood.
- The main purpose of angiogenesis in the context of myocardial ischemia is to form new blood vessels to supply the heart muscle with oxygen.
Shock
- Cardiogenic shock is characterized by decreased cardiac output and evidence of tissue hypoxia.
- Septic shock is caused by infection, bacteremia, or systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
Heart Conditions
- Constrictive pericarditis is characterized by a fibrotic pericardium encasing the heart in a rigid shell.
- Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the mitral valve not closing completely during left ventricular systole.
Acute Coronary Syndromes
- A characteristic of unstable angina is chest pain that occurs at rest or with minimal exertion.
- The main difference between STEMI and NSTEMI is the presence or absence of ST-segment elevation on an ECG.
- The main cause of sudden cardiac death in acute coronary syndromes is ventricular fibrillation.
- The main difference between myocardial stunning and hibernating myocardium is that stunning is reversible, whereas hibernation is a long-term adaptation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on acute coronary syndromes, including unstable angina, STEMI, and NSTEMI. Learn about the different types and their implications, as well as the potential risk of sudden cardiac death.
