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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the liquid doing the dissolving in a solution?
What is the term for the liquid doing the dissolving in a solution?
Which term refers to the difference in concentration between two areas of a solution?
Which term refers to the difference in concentration between two areas of a solution?
What is the term for the dissolved material in a solution?
What is the term for the dissolved material in a solution?
What does selective permeability allow living cells to maintain across the plasma membrane?
What does selective permeability allow living cells to maintain across the plasma membrane?
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During neurotransmission, how does a nerve cell communicate with another cell?
During neurotransmission, how does a nerve cell communicate with another cell?
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Which process is used to move a substance into, across, and out of a cell through vesicles?
Which process is used to move a substance into, across, and out of a cell through vesicles?
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In which cells does transcytosis occur most often?
In which cells does transcytosis occur most often?
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What happens to vesicles during transcytosis?
What happens to vesicles during transcytosis?
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How do some antibodies cross the placenta into the fetal circulation?
How do some antibodies cross the placenta into the fetal circulation?
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Which textbook can be referred to for more information on this topic?
Which textbook can be referred to for more information on this topic?
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Which process is used to release insulin from storage vesicles in β-cells of the pancreas?
Which process is used to release insulin from storage vesicles in β-cells of the pancreas?
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Which process involves the movement of molecules across the plasma membrane without requiring energy?
Which process involves the movement of molecules across the plasma membrane without requiring energy?
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What is the measure of total solute concentration in a solution?
What is the measure of total solute concentration in a solution?
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Which type of passive transport involves the use of carriers to move solutes down their concentration gradient?
Which type of passive transport involves the use of carriers to move solutes down their concentration gradient?
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What creates an electrical gradient across the plasma membrane?
What creates an electrical gradient across the plasma membrane?
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What is the combined influence of concentration and electrical gradients called?
What is the combined influence of concentration and electrical gradients called?
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Which process uses direct ATP consumption through the Na+/K+-ATPase transporter?
Which process uses direct ATP consumption through the Na+/K+-ATPase transporter?
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Which type of molecules are too polar or highly charged to move through the lipid bilayer?
Which type of molecules are too polar or highly charged to move through the lipid bilayer?
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What kind of mechanism is receptor-mediated endocytosis?
What kind of mechanism is receptor-mediated endocytosis?
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What does osmosis specifically refer to?
What does osmosis specifically refer to?
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Which process involves the cell's uptake of extracellular materials?
Which process involves the cell's uptake of extracellular materials?
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What is the most common form of endocytosis?
What is the most common form of endocytosis?
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Which type of transport uses integral transmembrane proteins?
Which type of transport uses integral transmembrane proteins?
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Which process involves moving molecules out of the cell through the release of vesicle contents into the extracellular space?
Which process involves moving molecules out of the cell through the release of vesicle contents into the extracellular space?
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What is the difference in the concentration of a chemical between two regions called?
What is the difference in the concentration of a chemical between two regions called?
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What is a vital defense mechanism for engulfing large, solid particles?
What is a vital defense mechanism for engulfing large, solid particles?
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What type of transport facilitates the passive diffusion of specific ions?
What type of transport facilitates the passive diffusion of specific ions?
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Which type of process employs an electrochemical gradient across a plasma membrane as its energy source?
Which type of process employs an electrochemical gradient across a plasma membrane as its energy source?
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Which type of transport requires energy for molecule movement across the plasma membrane?
Which type of transport requires energy for molecule movement across the plasma membrane?
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What does the process of exocytosis require for energy?
What does the process of exocytosis require for energy?
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Which process serves several functions, such as replacing the plasma membrane lost during endocytosis and adding new membrane components?
Which process serves several functions, such as replacing the plasma membrane lost during endocytosis and adding new membrane components?
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The release of neurotransmitters and hormones are examples of which process?
The release of neurotransmitters and hormones are examples of which process?
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Study Notes
- Active transport is a process used by cells to move molecules against their concentration gradient, utilizing energy in the form of ATP
- Primary active transport uses direct ATP consumption through the Na+/K+-ATPase transporter and other major primary active-transport proteins like Ca2+-ATPase, H+-ATPase, and H+/K+ -ATPase
- Secondary active transport employs an electrochemical gradient across a plasma membrane as its energy source, featuring co-transporters and counter-transporters that move molecules in the same or opposite directions, respectively
- Endocytosis is a type of active transport that involves the cell's uptake of extracellular materials, including macromolecules and large particles
- Three major types of endocytosis: receptor-mediated endocytosis, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis
- Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a selective process of vesicle formation following the recognition and binding of specific particles to a receptor protein in the plasma membrane
- Pinocytosis is the most common form of endocytosis, where the plasma membrane invaginates, forming a vesicle to absorb materials from the extracellular environment
- Phagocytosis is a vital defense mechanism for engulfing large, solid particles, carried out by specialized cells called phagocytes.
- Exocytosis is the process of moving molecules out of the cell through the release of vesicle contents into the extracellular space
- Exocytosis serves several functions, such as replacing the plasma membrane lost during endocytosis, adding new membrane components, and secreting membrane-impermeable molecules (like protein hormones) into the extracellular fluid
- Exocytosis involves the vesicle-plasma membrane fusion, releasing the contents to the exterior. The process requires energy in the form of ATP and Ca2+ ions.
- Examples of exocytosis include the release of neurotransmitters, hormones, and the fusion of Golgi body vesicles with the plasma membrane.
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Description
Learn about the effects of solutions with varying tonicities on living red blood cells and the concept of active transport. Explore the use of energy to move molecules against concentration gradients, and the different energy sources involved in primary and secondary active transport.
