Questions and Answers
What is active transport?
Movement of material against their concentration gradient, from areas of lower concentration to areas of high concentration, requires energy (ATP).
What is endocytosis?
Cells ingest substances.
What is exocytosis?
Processes of releasing contents of the cell to the external environment.
What is a protein pump?
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What happens in the sodium potassium pump?
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Study Notes
Active Transport Overview
- Active transport involves the movement of materials against their concentration gradient, requiring energy in the form of ATP.
- This process moves substances from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration.
Endocytosis
- Endocytosis is the mechanism by which cells ingest external substances.
- This process allows cells to uptake molecules that are too large to pass through the membrane directly.
Exocytosis
- Exocytosis is the process through which cells release their contents into the external environment.
- It plays a crucial role in processes such as neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion.
Protein Pump
- Protein pumps are integral membrane proteins that transport ions and other solutes against their concentration gradient.
- This transport requires energy and involves a specific protein that may undergo conformational changes during the process.
Sodium Potassium Pump
- The sodium-potassium pump is a specific type of protein pump that moves three sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell and two potassium ions (K+) into the cell.
- This action is coupled with the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP, providing the necessary energy for the transport process.
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Description
Explore the essential mechanisms of active transport, including endocytosis, exocytosis, and the role of protein pumps such as the sodium-potassium pump. Understand how these processes facilitate the movement of substances against their concentration gradients and their significance in cellular functions.
