32 Questions
What is the main difference between passive and active immunization?
Passive immunization provides temporary immunity through transfer of antibodies, while active immunization involves administration of an antigen to develop an immune response.
What are the requirements of an ideal vaccine?
Inexpensive, consistent in formulation, stable, long shelf-life, able to induce appropriate immune response, incorporate a range of epitopes, induce long-lived immune response, induce memory, and have no adverse effects.
What is the main difference between infectious and non-infectious vaccines?
Infectious vaccines infect an animal without producing disease, while non-infectious vaccines are less efficacious and require up to 3 doses.
What are possible side-effects of vaccines?
Pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site; mild fever; and allergic reactions.
Which type of vaccine involves intact and viable organism but with reduced virulence?
Live attenuated vaccine
What is the means of attenuation in live attenuated vaccines?
All of the above
Which vaccine type requires adjuvants and has a higher risk of causing disease?
Killed whole organism vaccine
What is a characteristic of subunit vaccines?
Contain only the immunogenic structural protein
What is the method of production for naked DNA vaccines?
Gene inserted into a bacterial plasmid
What are the hallmarks of an ideal adjuvant?
All of the above
Which type of adjuvant involves aluminium salts mixed with the antigen to form a granuloma for prolonged antigenic stimulation?
Depot adjuvants
What is a potential adverse consequence of vaccines?
All of the above
What are potential factors leading to a dog developing the disease for which it was vaccinated?
All of the above
Which type of vaccine may induce chronic inflammation linked to the carcinogenesis of feline injection site sarcoma?
Killed whole organism vaccine
What vaccine factor could result in the animal developing the disease it was vaccinated against?
All of the above
What host factor could result in the animal developing the disease it was vaccinated against?
All of the above
What is the main difference between passive and active immunization?
Passive immunization involves transfer of antibodies for temporary immunity, while active immunization involves administration of an antigen to develop long-lasting immune response.
What are the requirements of an ideal vaccine?
Inexpensive, consistent in formulation, stable, long shelf-life, able to induce appropriate immune response, no adverse effects.
What is the main difference between infectious and non-infectious vaccines?
Infectious vaccines involve infecting an animal without producing disease, while non-infectious vaccines involve killed whole, subunit, or naked DNA.
What are some possible vaccine side-effects?
Chronic inflammation, adverse immune response, allergic reactions, mild fever.
What is the main disadvantage of live attenuated vaccines?
Reversion of virulence
What is the main disadvantage of killed whole organism vaccines?
More risk of containing contaminating organisms
Which type of vaccine requires adjuvants and has a higher risk of causing disease?
Killed whole organism vaccines
What is the means of attenuation in live attenuated vaccines?
Multiple Passaging
What is a characteristic of subunit vaccines?
Lower doses required
What is the method of production for naked DNA vaccines?
Gene inserted into a bacterial plasmid
What is the main disadvantage of recombinant organism vaccines?
Reversion of virulence
What is the main advantage of killed whole organism vaccines?
Fewer doses required
Which adjuvant involves aluminium salts mixed with the antigen to form a granuloma for prolonged antigenic stimulation?
Depot adjuvants
What is a potential adverse consequence of vaccines related to feline injection site sarcoma?
Increased risk with multiple injections
What host factor could result in the animal developing the disease it was vaccinated against?
Maternal antibody interference
What vaccine factor could result in the animal developing the disease it was vaccinated against?
Reversal to virulence
Test your knowledge on immunization with this quiz! Learn about passive and active immunization, ideal vaccine requirements, infectious and non-infectious vaccines, and possible vaccine side-effects. Perfect for veterinary students and anyone interested in immunization.
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