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Questions and Answers
A person develops antibodies after recovering from the measles. What type of immunity is this an example of?
A person develops antibodies after recovering from the measles. What type of immunity is this an example of?
- Artificially acquired active immunity
- Naturally acquired active immunity (correct)
- Artificially acquired passive immunity
- Naturally acquired passive immunity
Why is artificially acquired passive immunity often used when there is not enough time for the body to create its own antibodies?
Why is artificially acquired passive immunity often used when there is not enough time for the body to create its own antibodies?
- It provides immediate protection by introducing pre-made antibodies. (correct)
- It prevents the body from producing memory cells.
- It boosts the body’s ability to create a broader range of antibodies.
- It stimulates the innate immune system, accelerating the adaptive response.
Which of the following is an example of artificially acquired active immunity?
Which of the following is an example of artificially acquired active immunity?
- Developing immunity after contracting chickenpox
- Injection of antibodies after exposure to tetanus
- A newborn receiving antibodies through breast milk
- Receiving a polio vaccination (correct)
How does passive immunity differ fundamentally from active immunity?
How does passive immunity differ fundamentally from active immunity?
Why is the transfer of antibodies from a mother to her child considered naturally acquired passive immunity?
Why is the transfer of antibodies from a mother to her child considered naturally acquired passive immunity?
In which scenario would artificially acquired passive immunity be the MOST appropriate course of action?
In which scenario would artificially acquired passive immunity be the MOST appropriate course of action?
A researcher is developing a new vaccine using an inactivated virus. Which type of immunity is the vaccine designed to stimulate?
A researcher is developing a new vaccine using an inactivated virus. Which type of immunity is the vaccine designed to stimulate?
What is a key difference between naturally acquired active immunity and artificially acquired active immunity?
What is a key difference between naturally acquired active immunity and artificially acquired active immunity?
If a person receives monoclonal antibodies to treat a snake venom, what type of immunity is this considered?
If a person receives monoclonal antibodies to treat a snake venom, what type of immunity is this considered?
Which of the following is a characteristic unique to active immunity compared to passive immunity?
Which of the following is a characteristic unique to active immunity compared to passive immunity?
Flashcards
Active Immunity
Active Immunity
Immunity gained by producing antibodies after exposure to an antigen.
Naturally Acquired Active Immunity
Naturally Acquired Active Immunity
Acquired through natural exposure to a pathogen, leading to antibody production and immunological memory.
Artificially Acquired Active Immunity
Artificially Acquired Active Immunity
Acquired through vaccination, where exposure to a weakened or inactivated pathogen stimulates antibody production.
Passive Immunity
Passive Immunity
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Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity
Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity
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Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity
Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity
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Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
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Study Notes
- The adaptive immune system is specific and creates immunological memory to pathogens.
- Immunological memory can be acquired through active or passive processes.
Active Immunity
- Active immunity involves the body creating its own antibodies against a pathogen.
- There are two types: naturally acquired and artificially acquired.
Naturally Acquired Active Immunity
- Occurs when the body encounters a pathogen in the environment and mounts an immune response, creating antibodies and immunological memory.
- Usually results from an infection.
Artificially Acquired Active Immunity
- Occurs when the body is exposed to a pathogen through artificial means, such as a vaccination.
- Involves exposure to an inactivated or weakened form of the pathogen, allowing the body to create antibodies and immunological memory without experiencing the full effects of the disease.
- Polio vaccine is an example, where individuals are exposed to an inactivated form of the virus to create antibodies and prevent the disease.
Passive Immunity
- Passive immunity involves receiving pre-made antibodies, rather than creating them oneself.
- There are two types: naturally acquired and artificially acquired.
Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity
- Occurs when antibodies are transferred from a mother to her child through breast milk or via maternal antibodies.
- Provides the infant with protection during a time when they cannot mount their own immunological defense.
Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity
- Involves receiving antibodies that have been produced in another person or animal, typically through blood plasma or serum.
- Used when the body does not have enough time to create its own antibodies, or when immediate protection is needed
- Post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies involves injecting pre-formed antibodies to fight off the infection.
- Can also be used in cases of tetanus.
- Monoclonal antibodies may be sourced from a person or an animal.
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