24 Questions
What can result in extended periods of immobilization?
All of the above
What effect does immobilization have on bone density?
Reduces bone density
What happens to articular cartilage due to immobilization?
It reduces in thickness and stiffness
What is the result of excessive collagen fiber cross-links?
Muscle atrophy
Which type of muscle fibers exhibit greater atrophy due to immobilization?
Slow-twitch fibers
What is the effect of prolonged immobilization on regional osteoporosis?
It accelerates regional osteoporosis
What does AROM stand for in the context of exercise?
Active Range of Motion
Which type of exercise is used to maintain the normal range of joint motion?
Localized exercises to strengthen muscle groups
What is one of the goals of active free exercises?
To improve posture
What is the starting position for active free exercises?
A position selected for postural efficiency
Which factor increases during prolonged active free exercise, leading to the production of heat and increasing circulation?
Respiratory cooperation
What is the purpose of teaching instructions for active free exercise?
To gain interest and cooperation of the patient
Which of the following is NOT a goal of active free exercises?
To increase load-bearing capacity
What is the primary purpose of teaching instructions for active free exercises?
To ensure maximum postural efficiency as the basis for movement
Which type of exercise is classified as 'localized' in active free exercises?
Exercises performed to strengthen a specific muscle group
What is the effect of prolonged active free exercise on circulatory and respiratory cooperation?
Increases depth of respiration and heat production
How does relaxation play a role in active free exercises?
Relaxation is induced by rhythmical or pendulum exercises
What is the purpose of the starting position in active free exercises?
To ensure maximum postural efficiency as a basis for movement
What is the primary factor influencing the speed at which exercise should be done?
Effect required
How does prolonged immobilization impact articular cartilage?
Reduces ability to absorb joint forces
What is the consequence of muscle tissue atrophy and contracture?
Reduction in muscle tissue size and contractile force
In the context of exercising, what is the impact of extended periods of immobilization on bone density?
Decrease in bone density due to lack of muscle contraction and weight bearing forces
What is the main cause of regional osteoporosis during prolonged immobilization?
Lack of weight bearing forces
What happens to slow-twitch muscle fibers compared to fast-twitch fibers due to immobilization?
Fast-twitch fibers exhibit greater atrophy
Study Notes
Effects of Immobilization
- Extended periods of immobilization can result in muscle tissue atrophy and contracture.
- Immobilization causes a decrease in bone density.
- It leads to articular cartilage degradation and loss of function.
- Immobilization results in regional osteoporosis, particularly in the affected area.
Muscular Effects
- Immobilization causes muscle fibers to atrophy, with slow-twitch fibers exhibiting greater atrophy compared to fast-twitch fibers.
- Excessive collagen fiber cross-links occur due to immobilization, leading to muscle stiffness and loss of function.
Active Free Exercises
- AROM stands for Active Range of Motion in the context of exercise.
- Active free exercises are used to maintain the normal range of joint motion.
- One of the primary goals of active free exercises is to maintain or improve joint mobility.
- The starting position for active free exercises is typically a neutral position.
- Muscle relaxation plays a crucial role in active free exercises, allowing for more effective movement.
- The primary purpose of teaching instructions for active free exercises is to ensure proper execution and minimize injury risk.
- The primary factor influencing the speed at which exercise should be done is the individual's comfort level and muscle control.
Physiological Effects
- Prolonged active free exercise increases heart rate, leading to increased circulation and heat production.
- Circulatory and respiratory cooperation improves with prolonged active free exercise.
- The starting position in active free exercises helps to establish a foundation for movement, reducing muscle strain and promoting proper execution.
Osteoporosis and Cartilage
- Regional osteoporosis is a consequence of prolonged immobilization, particularly in the affected area.
- Immobilization leads to articular cartilage degradation and loss of function.
- Prolonged immobilization results in decreased bone density, making the individual more susceptible to osteoporosis.
This quiz covers active free range of motion (AROM) exercises, which are performed by the patient's own muscular efforts within the unrestricted range of motion without the assistance or resistance of any external force other than gravity. It includes localized and generalized exercises to strengthen specific muscle groups or use many muscles all over the body. Additionally, it explores the benefits of AROM exercises, such as relaxation and improving muscle function.
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