Principles of Assisted Exercise: Active Range of Motion Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the principle of active assisted exercises when the voluntary contraction of the muscle is insufficient to produce movement?

The magnitude of the assisting force should only augment the muscular action without acting as a substitute (correct)

An external force should be applied in the opposite direction of the muscle action

The magnitude of the assisting force should be greater than the muscular action

No external force should be added to complete the range of motion

What is the definition of AAROM?

Movement performed within the unrestricted ROM controlled by the voluntary contraction of the muscle, with no outside assistance

Movement performed within the restricted ROM controlled by the voluntary contraction of the muscle, with assistance provided by an outside force

Movement performed within the unrestricted ROM controlled by the voluntary contraction of the muscle, with assistance provided by an outside force (correct)

Movement performed within the restricted ROM controlled by the voluntary contraction of the muscle, with no outside assistance

Which type of assistance involves the use of wooden stick, T-bar, finger ladder, and pulleys?

Mechanical assistance (correct)

Assistance from a therapist

Manual assistance

Self-assistance

When are active assisted exercises typically used?

When the patient has weak musculature and needs to gain strength and hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

What must be done to the assistance given as muscular power increases during active assisted exercises?

The assistance given must be decreased proportionally Signup and view all the answers

At what muscle strength level are patients progressed to AROM from AAROM?

Grade 3 manual muscle test Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of providing sensory feedback from the contracting muscle in early stages of neuromuscular re-education?

To help the patient learn to control movement and assist in training coordination Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for using Assisted Active Range of Motion (AAROM) exercises?

To increase muscle weakness as a result of disuse or after plaster cast Signup and view all the answers

What is a contra-indication of AAROM exercises?

Swelling, fever, and redness Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of avoiding trick movements during Assisted Active Range of Motion (AAROM) exercises?

To stimulate the muscle spindle and initiate movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of support in Assisted Active Range of Motion (AAROM) exercises?

To eliminate any force or load on the weak muscle by counterbalancing gravity's effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of preliminary stretching of the weak muscle in Assisted Active Range of Motion (AAROM) exercises?

Stimulate the muscle spindle and initiate movement Signup and view all the answers

What is a precaution associated with performing range of motion (ROM) exercises proximal and distal to an injured joint?

To minimize venous stasis and thrombus formation Signup and view all the answers

Why is fixation of the proximal part of the prime movers important in Assisted Active Range of Motion (AAROM) exercises?

To avoid trick movements and maintain proper positioning Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of assisted exercises on the correct pattern in neuromuscular re-education?

To help the patient learn to control movement and assist in training coordination Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit of regular exercise mentioned in the text?

Increase metabolism to help lose weight and decrease stress and pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the IUPAC name for a monosubstituted benzene with a seven-carbon alkyl group?

Heptyl benzene Signup and view all the answers

Which numbering system is used in the common nomenclature of disubstituted benzenes?

o-, m-, p- system Signup and view all the answers

What is the IUPAC name for the three dimethylbenzenes according to the common system?

Common xylene Signup and view all the answers

In the common system, what does 'ortho' (o) refer to?

Groups occupying 1,2-positions on a benzene ring Signup and view all the answers

What is the Kekule structure of benzene?

Aromatic compounds with six carbon atoms in a ring structure Signup and view all the answers

How are monosubstituted benzenes named if they don't have common names accepted by IUPAC?

As derivatives of benzene Signup and view all the answers

In IUPAC nomenclature, if a compound is named as a derivative of a parent molecule due to the presence of a special substituent, the special substituent is assumed to occupy which ring position?

Ring position number 1 Signup and view all the answers

According to IUPAC nomenclature, if two substituents on a ring are different, how are they numbered?

By the lowest numbers according to the alphabetical order Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct name for the compound p-Bromochlorobenzene in IUPAC nomenclature?

4-Bromo-1-chlorobenzene Signup and view all the answers

How many benzene rings do polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons contain?

Two Signup and view all the answers

What is the naming rule for polysubstituted benzenes when one of the substituents imparts a special name to the compound?

The carbon attached to this substituent is numbered 1 then the remaining carbon atoms are numbered to have the lowest numbers Signup and view all the answers

What does m-Chloroaniline refer to in IUPAC nomenclature?

[Chloro(methyl)amino]benzene Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Active Assisted Exercises

When the voluntary contraction of a muscle is insufficient to produce movement, the principle of active assisted exercises is used to facilitate movement.
Active Assisted Range of Motion (AAROM) is a type of exercise where the patient actively contracts the muscle, but the movement is assisted by an external force.

Types of Assistance

Assisted exercises can involve the use of wooden sticks, T-bars, finger ladders, and pulleys to provide external support.

When to Use AAROM

Active assisted exercises are typically used when the patient's muscle strength is insufficient to produce movement.

Progressive Assistance

As muscular power increases during active assisted exercises, the assistance provided should be gradually decreased.

Progressing to AROM

Patients can be progressed to Active Range of Motion (AROM) exercises from AAROM when they reach a muscle strength level of 3 or 4.

Sensory Feedback

The main purpose of providing sensory feedback from the contracting muscle in early stages of neuromuscular re-education is to facilitate muscle learning and re-education.

Indications for AAROM

The primary indication for using AAROM exercises is to facilitate movement and improve muscle strength in patients with weak muscles.

Contra-Indications

A contra-indication of AAROM exercises is the presence of severe pain or inflammation, which may exacerbate the condition.

Avoiding Trick Movements

The purpose of avoiding trick movements during AAROM exercises is to ensure that the patient is using the correct muscle pattern and not relying on compensatory movements.

Role of Support

The role of support in AAROM exercises is to provide external assistance to facilitate movement and reduce muscle strain.

Preliminary Stretching

The purpose of preliminary stretching of the weak muscle in AAROM exercises is to increase muscle length and reduce the risk of injury.

Precautions for ROM Exercises

A precaution associated with performing range of motion (ROM) exercises proximal and distal to an injured joint is the risk of exacerbating the injury.

Fixation of Proximal Part

Fixation of the proximal part of the prime movers is important in AAROM exercises to ensure that the correct muscle pattern is used.

Assisted Exercises in Neuromuscular Re-education

The purpose of assisted exercises on the correct pattern in neuromuscular re-education is to facilitate muscle learning and re-education.

Benefits of Regular Exercise

One benefit of regular exercise mentioned in the text is improved muscle strength and function.

Organic Chemistry

Nomenclature of Disubstituted Benzenes

The common nomenclature system uses a numbering system to name disubstituted benzenes.

IUPAC Names for Disubstituted Benzenes

The IUPAC name for the three dimethylbenzenes according to the common system is 1,2-dimethylbenzene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene, and 1,4-dimethylbenzene.

Ortho, Meta, and Para Prefixes

In the common system, 'ortho' (o) refers to a 1,2-substituted benzene.

Kekule Structure of Benzene

The Kekule structure of benzene is a planar, hexagonal ring with alternating double bonds.

Nomenclature of Monosubstituted Benzenes

Monosubstituted benzenes are named by adding a prefix to the parent name benzene, indicating the type of substituent.

IUPAC Nomenclature Rules

In IUPAC nomenclature, if a compound is named as a derivative of a parent molecule due to the presence of a special substituent, the special substituent is assumed to occupy position 1 on the ring.
If two substituents on a ring are different, they are numbered in alphabetical order.

IUPAC Name for p-Bromochlorobenzene

The correct IUPAC name for the compound p-Bromochlorobenzene is 1-bromo-4-chlorobenzene.

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contain multiple benzene rings.

Naming Rule for Polysubstituted Benzenes

The naming rule for polysubstituted benzenes when one of the substituents imparts a special name to the compound is to use the special name as the parent name.

m-Chloroaniline

In IUPAC nomenclature, m-Chloroaniline refers to 3-chloroaniline.

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Description

Learn about the principles of active assisted exercises, including the definition of AAROM and its progression to AROM. Understand the use of outside force assistance when muscle strength is inadequate for complete motion.

Active Assisted Exercise Principles