Questions and Answers
What is the Book of Songs?
What famous painting is on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?
The Last Judgment
Who are courtiers?
Members of courts
What are courts?
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What does the term 'Dark Ages' refer to?
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Who created the sculpture known as David?
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What is The Decameron?
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What does feudalism refer to?
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Who are considered 'the first humanists'?
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What is humanism?
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What characterizes the Italian Renaissance?
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Who painted The Last Supper?
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What is manorialism?
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What is the Mona Lisa?
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What are notebooks in the context of Leonardo da Vinci?
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What is the Renaissance?
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What is the Roman Catholic Church?
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Who painted The School of Athens?
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What is theology?
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Who was Giovanni Boccaccio?
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Who is Leonardo da Vinci?
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Who was Donatello?
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Who was Giotto?
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Who was Lorenzo the Magnificent?
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Who was Cosimo de' Medici?
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Who was Giovanni de' Medici?
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What are Medicis?
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Who was Michelangelo?
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Who was Petrarch?
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Who was Raphael?
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Who was William Shakespeare?
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Study Notes
Literature and Art
- Book of Songs is a collection of poetry authored by Petrarch.
- The Decameron, written by Boccaccio, is a notable anthology of stories.
- David, a significant sculpture, was created by both Michelangelo and Donatello.
- Leonardo da Vinci is renowned for masterpieces such as The Last Supper and Mona Lisa.
- Notebooks kept by Da Vinci document his extensive ideas and sketches.
Historical Context
- The Dark Ages denote the Middle Ages, characterized by limited intellectual progress for most people.
- Renaissance refers to the transformative era of European history post-Middle Ages, highlighting advancements in arts and scholarship.
- Italian Renaissance signifies the early stage of the Renaissance, emphasizing the rise of humanism in Italy.
Humanism
- Humanism is the intellectual movement focusing on human experience and worldly matters, contrasting with Medieval theological priorities.
- Petrarch and Boccaccio are recognized as "the first humanists," influential figures in the development of this philosophy.
Notable Figures
- Giovanni Boccaccio, significant as an early humanist and writer.
- Lorenzo the Magnificent, a prominent figure in the Medici family, known for his influence and power.
- Cosimo de' Medici, regarded as "the father of his country," was a pivotal leader within the Medici family.
- Giovanni de' Medici was the first influential and wealthy Medici family member.
Artistic Achievements
- Michelangelo is celebrated for his remarkable works as both a sculptor and painter.
- Giotto, known as the first humanist painter, made notable contributions to Italian Renaissance art.
- Raphael gained acclaim as a distinguished painter of the Renaissance period.
- The School of Athens, painted by Raphael, symbolizes the celebration of classical philosophy and arts.
Religion and Society
- The Roman Catholic Church was the predominant Christian institution prior to the Reformation.
- Feudalism was the governance structure in medieval Europe, while manorialism represented the economic system linked to the manor.
Key Artworks
- Michelangelo's ceiling painting in the Sistine Chapel is a monumental achievement in Renaissance art.
- The art and literary works produced during this period continue to influence modern culture, with William Shakespeare representing the pinnacle of English Renaissance theatre.
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