Acids, Bases, Moles, and pH Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between adding an acid to a solution and the concentration of protons?

  • Adding an acid decreases the concentration of protons.
  • Adding an acid has no effect on the concentration of protons.
  • Adding an acid increases the concentration of protons. (correct)
  • Adding an acid stabilizes the concentration of protons.

What effect does adding a base to a solution have on the concentration of protons?

  • Stabilizes the concentration of protons.
  • Has no effect on the concentration of protons.
  • Increases the concentration of protons.
  • Lowers the concentration of protons. (correct)

What is the significance of a proton concentration larger than 1 x 10^-7 M in a solution?

  • It indicates an acidic solution with a pH < 7. (correct)
  • It implies a neutral solution with a pH = 7.
  • It indicates a basic solution with a pH > 7.
  • It suggests the presence of hydrogen bonds.

Why do solutions containing bases have a proton concentration less than 1 x 10^-7 M?

<p>Because they accept protons from solution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do buffers play in maintaining relatively constant conditions in organisms?

<p>Buffers minimize changes in pH by resisting changes in proton concentration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can energy be defined based on the text provided?

<p>As either stored potential or active motion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hydroxyl groups in molecules?

<p>Forming hydrogen bonds and making molecules soluble in water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do phosphate groups affect the structure of the recipient molecule when transferred?

<p>They dramatically change the charge of the recipient molecule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are sulfhydryl groups important in molecules?

<p>They can link to each other via disulfide bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In amino acids, what is the significance of charged R-groups?

<p>They help amino acids stay in solution and affect their reactivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of R-group is classified as acidic?

<p>Charged (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common core structure shared by all 20 different amino acids?

<p>$H$ - a hydrogen atom; $NH_2$ - an amino functional group; $COOH$ - a carboxyl functional group; a distinctive R-group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do polar molecules dissolve readily in water?

<p>Because they form hydrogen bonds with water molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property of water is responsible for the formation of a meniscus at the surface of a solid?

<p>Adhesion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does water have a high specific heat compared to other substances?

<p>Because it requires energy to break hydrogen bonds before temperature rise (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to substances that give up protons during chemical reactions?

<p>Acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why it takes a large amount of energy to change liquid water to gas?

<p>High specific heat of water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules or ions acquire protons during chemical reactions and lower hydronium ion concentration?

<p>Bases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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