Acids, Bases, and Neutralization Reactions
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Questions and Answers

What ions do bases generate in water?

  • Hydroxide (OH-) ions (correct)
  • Chloride (Cl-) ions
  • Hydrogen (H+) ions
  • Sodium (Na+) ions

    • What term is used to describe bases that are soluble in water?

  • Alkali (correct)
  • Salt
  • Neutral
  • Acid

    • What are two common properties of alkalis when touched?

  • Soapy and bitter (correct)
  • Sour and gritty
  • Salty and smooth
  • Sweet and oily

    • During neutralization, what two substances react to form salt and water?

    <p>Acid and Base (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between H+ (aq) and OH- (aq)?

    <p>Water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of process is dissolving a concentrated acid in water?

    <p>Exothermic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When mixing concentrated acid with water, what should be added to what?

    <p>Add acid to water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could happen if water is added to concentrated acid too quickly?

    <p>The mixture could splash and cause burns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should concentrated acids be added slowly with stirring?

    <p>To dissipate heat and avoid dangerous splashing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen to a glass container if heat is generated excessively when mixing acid and water?

    <p>It can break (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Hydroxide Ion

    An ion consisting of one oxygen and one hydrogen atom (OH–).

    Alkali

    A water-soluble base that produces hydroxide ions in solution.

    Neutralization Reaction

    The chemical reaction between an acid and a base producing salt and water.

    Exothermic Process

    A reaction that releases heat to the surroundings.

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    Endothermic Process

    A reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings.

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    Concentrated Acid

    An acid with a high amount of solute in a given volume of solvent.

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    Dissolving Acids and Bases

    A process that can be highly exothermic and must be done carefully.

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    Sodium Hydroxide

    A strong alkali often represented by NaOH, used in various reactions.

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    Safety Precautions

    Important steps to avoid harm while handling acids or bases.

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    Acid Strength vs. Alkali Strength

    Acids produce H+ ions, while alkalis generate OH– ions in solution.

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    Study Notes

    Bases and Alkalis

    • Bases generate hydroxide (OH-) ions in water.
    • Bases that dissolve in water are called alkalis.
    • Not all bases dissolve in water.
    • Alkalis are soapy, bitter, and corrosive.
    • Avoid tasting or touching bases as they can be harmful.

    Neutralisation Reactions

    • Acids and bases react to form salts and water.
    • The general reaction is: Acid + Base → Salt + Water
    • In terms of ions: H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H₂O(l)

    Activity 2.10

    • Take 10 mL water in a beaker.
    • Add a few drops of concentrated H₂SO₄, and swirl the beaker slowly.
    • Touch the base of the beaker.
    • Is there a change in temperature?
    • Is this an exothermic or endothermic process?
    • Record your observations.
    • Repeat with sodium hydroxide pellets.

    Dissolving Acids and Bases

    • Dissolving acids or bases in water is highly exothermic.
    • Add acids slowly to water, with constant stirring.
    • Adding water to concentrated acids can lead to splashing and burns.
    • Look for warning signs on containers of concentrated chemicals.
    • Mixing acids or bases with water decreases the concentration of ions (H₃O⁺/OH⁻) per unit volume. This is called dilution.

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    Related Documents

    Acids, Bases-8 PDF

    Description

    Explore the properties of bases and alkalis, including their reactions with acids in neutralization processes. Learn safe handling procedures for dissolving acids and bases, and understand the exothermic nature of these reactions. Includes Activity 2.10.

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