Podcast
Questions and Answers
What ions do bases generate in water?
What ions do bases generate in water?
- Hydroxide (OH-) ions (correct)
- Chloride (Cl-) ions
- Hydrogen (H+) ions
- Sodium (Na+) ions
What term is used to describe bases that are soluble in water?
What term is used to describe bases that are soluble in water?
- Alkali (correct)
- Salt
- Neutral
- Acid
What are two common properties of alkalis when touched?
What are two common properties of alkalis when touched?
- Soapy and bitter (correct)
- Sour and gritty
- Salty and smooth
- Sweet and oily
During neutralization, what two substances react to form salt and water?
During neutralization, what two substances react to form salt and water?
What is the result of the reaction between H+ (aq) and OH- (aq)?
What is the result of the reaction between H+ (aq) and OH- (aq)?
What type of process is dissolving a concentrated acid in water?
What type of process is dissolving a concentrated acid in water?
When mixing concentrated acid with water, what should be added to what?
When mixing concentrated acid with water, what should be added to what?
What could happen if water is added to concentrated acid too quickly?
What could happen if water is added to concentrated acid too quickly?
Why should concentrated acids be added slowly with stirring?
Why should concentrated acids be added slowly with stirring?
What can happen to a glass container if heat is generated excessively when mixing acid and water?
What can happen to a glass container if heat is generated excessively when mixing acid and water?
Flashcards
Hydroxide Ion
Hydroxide Ion
An ion consisting of one oxygen and one hydrogen atom (OH–).
Alkali
Alkali
A water-soluble base that produces hydroxide ions in solution.
Neutralization Reaction
Neutralization Reaction
The chemical reaction between an acid and a base producing salt and water.
Exothermic Process
Exothermic Process
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Endothermic Process
Endothermic Process
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Concentrated Acid
Concentrated Acid
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Dissolving Acids and Bases
Dissolving Acids and Bases
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Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide
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Safety Precautions
Safety Precautions
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Acid Strength vs. Alkali Strength
Acid Strength vs. Alkali Strength
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Study Notes
Bases and Alkalis
- Bases generate hydroxide (OH-) ions in water.
- Bases that dissolve in water are called alkalis.
- Not all bases dissolve in water.
- Alkalis are soapy, bitter, and corrosive.
- Avoid tasting or touching bases as they can be harmful.
Neutralisation Reactions
- Acids and bases react to form salts and water.
- The general reaction is: Acid + Base → Salt + Water
- In terms of ions: H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H₂O(l)
Activity 2.10
- Take 10 mL water in a beaker.
- Add a few drops of concentrated H₂SO₄, and swirl the beaker slowly.
- Touch the base of the beaker.
- Is there a change in temperature?
- Is this an exothermic or endothermic process?
- Record your observations.
- Repeat with sodium hydroxide pellets.
Dissolving Acids and Bases
- Dissolving acids or bases in water is highly exothermic.
- Add acids slowly to water, with constant stirring.
- Adding water to concentrated acids can lead to splashing and burns.
- Look for warning signs on containers of concentrated chemicals.
- Mixing acids or bases with water decreases the concentration of ions (H₃O⁺/OH⁻) per unit volume. This is called dilution.
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