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Questions and Answers
What ions do bases generate in water?
What ions do bases generate in water?
Hydroxide ions ($OH^-$)
What term is used for bases that are soluble in water?
What term is used for bases that are soluble in water?
Alkalis
Name one physical property of alkalis described in the text.
Name one physical property of alkalis described in the text.
Soapy to touch
In the neutralization reaction, what two substances react to form salt and water?
In the neutralization reaction, what two substances react to form salt and water?
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What two ions react to form water during neutralization?
What two ions react to form water during neutralization?
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Is dissolving an acid in water an exothermic or endothermic process?
Is dissolving an acid in water an exothermic or endothermic process?
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Which acids are specifically mentioned as needing careful handling when mixed with water?
Which acids are specifically mentioned as needing careful handling when mixed with water?
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What is recommended to do to the acid while mixing it with water to prevent accidents?
What is recommended to do to the acid while mixing it with water to prevent accidents?
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What can happen to a glass container if water is added to concentrated acid too quickly?
What can happen to a glass container if water is added to concentrated acid too quickly?
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What is the general appearance of containers containing concentrated acids and bases?
What is the general appearance of containers containing concentrated acids and bases?
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Flashcards
Hydroxide Ion (OH–)
Hydroxide Ion (OH–)
An ion that is made of oxygen and hydrogen, common in bases.
Alkali
Alkali
A base that dissolves in water, producing hydroxide ions.
Neutralization Reaction
Neutralization Reaction
The reaction between an acid and a base, forming salt and water.
Exothermic Process
Exothermic Process
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Endothermic Process
Endothermic Process
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Concentrated Acid
Concentrated Acid
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Acid + Water
Acid + Water
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Safe Mixing Practice
Safe Mixing Practice
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Corrosive Bases
Corrosive Bases
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Temperature Change in Mixing
Temperature Change in Mixing
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Study Notes
Bases and Alkalis
- Bases release hydroxide (OH-) ions in water
- Bases that dissolve in water are called alkalis
- Some bases do not dissolve in water
Neutralisation Reactions
- Acid + Base → Salt + Water
- H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H₂O(l)
Activity 2.10
- Take 10 mL water in a beaker
- Add a few drops of concentrated H₂SO₄, and swirl the beaker slowly
- Touch the base of the beaker
- Is there a change in temperature?
- Is this an exothermic or endothermic process?
- Repeat the above Activity with sodium hydroxide pellets
- Record your observations
Dissolving Acids and Bases
- Dissolving acids and bases in water is highly exothermic
- Add acid slowly to water, with constant stirring
- Do not add water to a concentrated acid, as this can cause heat to splash out and cause burns
- Look out for warning signs on containers of concentrated acids and bases, such as the one shown in Figure 2.5
- Mixing an acid or base with water decreases the concentration of ions per unit volume. This process is called dilution.
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Description
Learn about bases, alkalis, and neutralisation reactions. Understand exothermic reactions during dissolving and the importance of diluting acids and bases correctly. Acids release H+ ions, while bases release OH- ions.
