Chemistry Chapter: Acids, Bases, and Salts

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Questions and Answers

Which acid is commonly used in aerated drinks?

Carbonic acid (correct)

Citric acid

Acetic acid

Sulphuric acid

What is the primary use of nitric acid?

Wine manufacturing

Digestion

Aspirin production

Fertilizers (correct)

What type of solution contains less solute than a saturated solution?

Concentrated solution

Dilute solution

Unsaturated solution (correct)

Supersaturated solution

Which acid is used in the human digestive system?

Hydrochloric acid (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which acid is primarily responsible for creating the bitterness in aspirin?

Salicylic acid (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a supersaturated solution?

Contains more solute than can normally be dissolved (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of tartaric acid in manufacturing?

Used in wine manufacturing (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a safe handling procedure for chemicals?

Always work under a fume hood (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a colloid?

Sugar (D) Signup and view all the answers

What principle explains the ability of similar substances to dissolve each other?

Like dissolves like (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of substances would be expected to dissolve efficiently in one another?

Water and salt (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to ionic compounds when mixed with polar solvents like water?

They dissociate into ions (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the properties of solutions, how does stirring affect the dissolution process?

Faster stirring increases the rate of dissolution (B) Signup and view all the answers

In terms of particle size, what can be said about its influence on dissolution?

Smaller particles dissolve faster (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of mixing a nonpolar solute with a polar solvent?

No dissolution occurs (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples correctly illustrates a polar solute dissolving in a polar solvent?

Table sugar in water (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the concentration of a solution refer to?

The amount of solute in a given quantity of solvent or solution (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common way to express concentration?

Molarity (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the example of nichrome wire, what does the 75% represent?

The mass of nickel in relation to the solution's total mass (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate use of percent by mass?

Commonly used for solid solutions or alloys (A) Signup and view all the answers

If a solution is described as 'percent by volume', what does this measurement specifically indicate?

The ratio of solute volume to total solution volume (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH value range for acidic substances?

0 to 6 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which option is used to neutralize a strong base like drain cleaner?

Vinegar (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is NOT a common acid?

Salt water (A) Signup and view all the answers

What word does the term 'acid' derive from, and what does it mean?

Acere, meaning sour (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general property of bases in terms of pH?

They have pH values greater than 7. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is produced when an acid reacts with a base?

Water and salt (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a neutral solution?

pH equal to 7 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of neutralization in everyday life?

Using toothpaste to avoid tooth decay (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes acids?

pH less than 7 and taste sour (B) Signup and view all the answers

What indicates the presence of a base when using litmus paper?

Turns red litmus paper blue (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the properties of a weak acid or weak base found in pure water?

It dissociates into H+ and OH- ions (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which process can help in treating factory waste?

Neutralization (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if a solution has a pH less than 7?

It is an acidic solution (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the solubility of gases in liquids when temperature increases?

It decreases (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of solid solutes in liquid solvents?

Solubility increases with higher temperatures (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to Henry's Law, how does pressure affect the solubility of a gas in a liquid?

It increases solubility (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why do gas molecules dissolve more in liquids under increased pressure?

Increased pressure forces more gas into solution (C) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to gas solubility in a liquid as bubbles form when the liquid is heated?

Gas solubility decreases initially (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which chemist established the principle that relates gas solubility to pressure?

William Henry (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the temperature of a solvent and the rate at which a solute dissolves?

Higher temperatures generally increase the dissolving rate (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the solubility of sugar in water when the temperature is increased?

It increases (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acids, Bases, and Salts

Acids have a pH less than 7
Bases have a pH greater than 7
Neutral solutions have a pH of 7
Acids taste sour, bases taste bitter or soapy
Acids sting or feel wet, bases feel slippery
Acids react with some metals to produce hydrogen gas
Acids and bases conduct electricity in solution
Examples of acids include fruit juices, soda, and coffee
Examples of bases include baking soda, ammonia, and soap

Neutralization

Neutralization is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base
During neutralization, water and a salt are produced
Neutralization has several everyday uses, including treating insect stings and indigestion, and using toothpaste to prevent tooth decay

Solutions

Saturated solution: Contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature
Unsaturated solution: Contains less solute than a saturated solution
Supersaturated solution: Contains more solute than a saturated solution

Factors Affecting Solubility

Temperature:
- Increased temperature generally increases the solubility of most solid solutes
- Increased temperature generally decreases the solubility of gases
Stirring: Faster stirring increases the rate of dissolving
Particle size: Smaller particles dissolve faster
Pressure: Pressure significantly affects the solubility of gases in liquids (Henry's Law). Increase pressure, increases solubility.

Types of Solutions

Colloids: Mixtures where tiny particles of one substance are evenly distributed throughout another substance (Tyndall effect)
Suspensions: Mixtures in which solid particles are dispersed throughout a liquid but will settle over time

Concentration of Solutions

Percent by mass: The mass of solute divided by the total mass of the solution, multiplied by 100
Percent by volume: The volume of solute divided by the total volume of the solution, multiplied by 100

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Description

This quiz covers the properties and reactions of acids, bases, and salts, including their pH levels and everyday applications. You'll also explore concepts related to neutralization and different types of solutions. Test your understanding of these fundamental chemical concepts!