Chemistry Chapter: Acids, Bases, and Salts

Solutions with a pH less than 7, tasting sour, turning blue litmus paper red and having a stinging or wet feel.

Solutions with a pH greater than 7, tasting bitter or soapy, turning red litmus paper blue and feeling slippery.

A chemical reaction where an acid reacts with a base, producing salt and water.

A substance formed when an acid reacts with a base.

A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

Solutions that are neither acidic nor basic. They have a pH of 7.

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.

The amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent.

Acids are solutions that conduct electricity, react with some metals to give off hydrogen gas, and have a sour taste. Examples include fruit juices, soda, and coffee.

Bases are solutions with a slippery feel, a bitter taste, and can neutralize acids. Examples include baking soda, ammonia, and soap.

A neutral solution is neither acidic nor basic and has a pH of 7. Pure water is an example.

The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. Values less than 7 are acidic, greater than 7 are alkaline, and 7 is neutral.

A chemical reaction where an acid reacts with a base to produce salt and water is called neutralization. Using baking soda to neutralize acidic spills is a common example.

A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.

A solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution at a given temperature.

A solution that contains more solute than a saturated solution at a given temperature.

A substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution.

The substance that dissolves the solute to form a solution.

The process by which a solute dissolves in a solvent.

A type of mixture where solid particles are evenly dispersed throughout a liquid. The particles are large enough to be seen with the naked eye and settle down over time.

A mixture where particles of one substance are dispersed evenly throughout another substance. The particles are smaller than those in a suspension and don't settle down.

A rule stating that substances with similar polarity tend to dissolve in each other. Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents, and nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents.

The speed at which a solute dissolves in a solvent is directly proportional to the speed of stirring. The faster the stirring, the faster the solute dissolves.

The size of the particles of a solute affects how quickly it dissolves. Smaller particles dissolve faster than larger ones.

The smaller the solute particle, the faster it will dissolve in a solvent.

The solubility of gases in liquids decreases with an increase in temperature.

For most solid solutes dissolved in liquid solvents, the solubility increases with temperature rises.

Pressure has little effect on the solubility of solid and liquid solutes in liquid solvents, but significantly affects gas solubility.

The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid.

Used in carbonated beverages to dissolve CO2 gas under pressure.

Factors that affect solubility include particle size, temperature, and pressure.

The amount of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solvent or solution. It's how concentrated a solution is and can be expressed in various ways.

Expressed as a percentage, it represents the amount of solute present in a given volume of solution. Imagine a glass of orange juice where the pulp is the solute - the percentage of pulp tells you the orange juice concentration.

Expressed as a percentage, it relates the mass of the solute to the volume of the solution. Think of adding salt to water - the percentage of salt by mass tells you the solution's concentration.

It represents the amount of solute in a given mass of solution. This is commonly used for solid solutions like alloys, where the percentage of each metal determines the overall properties.