Questions and Answers
What is the pH value of salts formed from strong acids and strong bases?
Which of the following salts is formed from hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide?
What gas is produced at the cathode during the chlor-alkali process?
Which of the following statements correctly describes rock salt?
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In the chlor-alkali process, sodium chloride in brine is decomposed to form which of the following compounds?
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What type of salt results from the combination of a strong base and a weak acid?
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Which blackish-brown salt is often mined for its large crystals?
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What characteristic does seawater possess due to the presence of dissolved salts?
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What does the term 'alkali' refer to in the context of the chlor-alkali process?
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Which compound is not a product of electrolysis of brine?
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Study Notes
Basics of Acids, Bases, and Salts
- Formation of OH⁻(aq) ions in solution indicates a substance's basic nature.
- Reaction between acids and metals produces hydrogen gas and a corresponding salt.
- Reaction of a base with a metal yields hydrogen gas and a salt composed of the metal and oxygen.
- Acid reacting with metal carbonates creates a salt, carbon dioxide gas, and water.
Electrical Conductivity
- Acidic solutions produce hydrogen ions, while basic solutions produce hydroxide ions, allowing them to conduct electricity.
pH Scale
- pH scale ranges from 0-14, measuring hydrogen ion concentration.
- Neutral solution pH is 7; acidic solutions have pH < 7, while basic solutions have pH > 7.
- Optimal pH ranges are essential for the metabolic activities of living organisms.
Exothermic Reactions
- Mixing concentrated acids or bases with water produces a highly exothermic reaction.
Neutralization
- Acids and bases neutralize each other, forming corresponding salts and water.
Water of Crystallisation
- Water of crystallisation refers to the fixed number of water molecules within one formula unit of a salt.
Everyday Uses of Salts
- Salts have diverse applications in daily life and various industries.
Acid-Base Indicators
- Red litmus paper indicates basic solutions when it turns blue.
- Reaction with crushed egg-shells releases gas that clouds lime-water, indicating an acid presence.
Laboratory Activity on Acids and Bases
- Collect and test various acid and base solutions (e.g., HCl, NaOH) with indicators like red and blue litmus, phenolphthalein, and methyl orange.
- Observe and tabulate color changes to determine acidic or basic properties.
Properties of Salts
- Salts formed from strong acids and strong bases are neutral (pH = 7).
- Salts from strong acids and weak bases are acidic (pH < 7).
- Salts from strong bases and weak acids are basic (pH > 7).
Common Salt and Its Importance
- Sodium chloride (common salt) formed from hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide is neutral and widely used in food.
- Seawater is rich in various dissolved salts from which sodium chloride can be extracted.
- Rock salt forms from dried ancient seas and is mined similarly to coal.
Chemical Raw Material
- Common salt is a crucial raw material for producing various chemicals like sodium hydroxide, baking soda, and bleaching powder.
- Chlor-alkali process involves electrolyzing brine to produce sodium hydroxide, chlorine, and hydrogen gas.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the reactions of acids and bases with metals and carbonates. This quiz explores the formation of hydroxide ions, hydrogen gas evolution, and the resulting salts from these chemical reactions. Challenge yourself with questions on this fundamental chemistry topic!
