Acids and Bases Laboratory Activities

<p>Clean cloth strips (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red litmus paper (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left overnight in the fridge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Watch-glass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrochloric acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>H2SO4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The solution is basic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They help to visually determine if a substance is acidic or basic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They change odor in different media. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow the cloth strips to absorb the onion's scent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium hydroxide (NaOH). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red litmus turns blue; blue litmus remains blue. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is neutral. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It visually indicates the acidic or basic nature of the solution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yellow to red (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To hold small amounts of the solutions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The solution is either acidic or neutral. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two steps (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent any pre-existing odors from interfering with the test results. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The solution contains hydroxide ions ($OH^−$) in excess. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow the cloth strips to absorb the volatile compounds responsible for the onion's odor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The solution is alkaline (basic). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Test each solution; the one that turns the litmus blue is the base. Then test each of the remaining solutions with the identified base. The solution undergoing no change is water, and the one turning red is acid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Watch glasses allow for better observation of color changes with small volumes of solution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Check the solution with a universal indicator or pH meter to determine the precise pH. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alteration of the volatility of odor-causing compounds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The solution is likely close to neutral, with the observed shifts possibly attributable to instrumental noise or minor contamination, requiring further validation with a calibrated pH meter. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use the red litmus paper solely for initial binary differentiation (acidic vs. not acidic). Then, employ spectrophotometric analysis of pH-sensitive dyes (distinct from litmus) to resolve the remaining ambiguities based on their respective spectral profiles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systematically vary both temperature and humidity within defined ranges while correlating the olfactory response with pH measurements via orthogonal gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apply a chemometric calibration model trained on a diverse dataset of solutions with varying pH and ionic strength, enabling real-time correction of sensor readings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immobilization of the indicator onto a nanoporous substrate functionalized with hydrophobic binding sites exhibiting preferential affinity for fatty acid alkyl chains. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Optimize the modifier concentration and type to selectively alter the mobility of the target volatile organic compounds, effectively separating them from background interferences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Utilize a narrow-range pH-sensitive linker that undergoes rapid cleavage ONLY within the desired pH range, ensuring precise drug release with minimal leakage at physiological pH. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Employ a derivative spectroscopy technique to resolve subtle inflections in the absorbance spectra, enhancing sensitivity to small spectral shifts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immobilize the indicator onto plasmonic nanoparticles with a high surface area to enhance the Raman signal, then acquire SERS spectra at various pH values to determine the spectral shifts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Utilize a solid-state iridium oxide pH sensor integrated with a microfluidic channel for continuous sample flow, coupled with a machine learning algorithm to correct for temperature drift and a satellite-based communication system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A type of pH indicator that turns blue in basic solutions and remains red in acidic solutions.

A solution with a pH less than 7, containing more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions.

A solution with a pH greater than 7, containing more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions.

Substances used to show the acidity or basicity of a solution through color change.

An indicator that turns pink in basic solutions and is colorless in acidic solutions.

An indicator that turns red in acidic solutions and yellow in neutral to basic solutions.

Substances that change their smell in acidic or basic conditions.

A strong acid commonly used in laboratory settings, pH less than 7.

A strong base used in laboratories, with a pH greater than 7.

The process of using indicators to determine whether a solution is acidic or basic.

Red litmus paper identifies whether a solution is acidic or basic; it stays red in acidic solutions and turns blue in basic solutions.

Acidic solutions turn red litmus paper red and typically do not change blue litmus paper.

Basic solutions turn red litmus paper blue and keep blue litmus blue.

Color change of indicators indicates acidity or basicity; different indicators show different responses.

An experiment using various acids and bases with indicators to observe color changes.

Common laboratory acids include hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, and nitric acid, each with specific reactions.

Common laboratory bases include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide, used widely in experiments.

Observing color reactions of various indicators like phenolphthalein and methyl orange with acids and bases.

A method to place drops of solutions on a watch-glass to test with indicators.

Using red litmus paper to determine if a solution is acidic or basic.

Acids typically turn blue litmus red and may affect other indicators.

Phenolphthalein changes from colorless in acid to pink in basic solutions.

Methyl orange turns red in acids and yellow in neutral to basic solutions.

Placing drops of solutions on a watch-glass to test with indicators.

Using cloth strips soaked with onion to detect acids and bases.

Common laboratory acids include hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric acids.

Changing indicator colors are used to determine if a solution is acidic or basic.

Acids have a pH less than 7, bases greater than 7.

Phenolphthalein turns pink in basic solutions and remains colorless in acidic solutions.

Methyl orange turns red in acidic solutions and yellow in neutral to basic solutions.

Examples include hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric acids, used for various experiments.