Chemistry Lab Report: Acid-Base Indicators & Reactions with Metals
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Questions and Answers

What is the objective of the experiment titled 'Reaction of an acid with a metal'?

  • To study the reaction of zinc metal with hydrochloric acid (correct)
  • To determine the color change of litmus paper
  • To investigate the boiling point of hydrochloric acid
  • To analyze the effect of dilute HCl on steel wool

    • Which of the following metals reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to liberate hydrogen gas?

  • Aluminum (correct)
  • Silver
  • Lead
  • Gold

    • If calcium reacts with hydrochloric acid, what is formed?

  • Ca(OH)2 + HCl
  • H2O + NaCl
  • CaCl2 + H2 (correct)
  • CaSO4 + 2H2

    • What is the general chemical formula for the reaction between an active metal and dilute acid?

    <p>Metal + Dilute Acid → Salt + Hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a material required for the experiment on 'Reaction of an acid with a metal'?

    <p>Manganese metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the reaction between magnesium and sulfuric acid, which gas is liberated?

    <p>$H_2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for the reaction between an acid and a carbonate?

    <p>Acid + Carbonate → Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is used in the experiment with calcium carbonate?

    <p>Dilute Hydrochloric Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding lime water in the experiment?

    <p>To test for the presence of carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be observed if there is a color change when the gas from the reaction enters lime water?

    <p>White precipitate forming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What products are formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate?

    <p>Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to cover the test tube containing calcium carbonate with a rubber stopper immediately after adding hydrochloric acid?

    <p>To prevent the escape of gas produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the piece of zinc cleaned with steel wool before the experiment?

    <p>To remove any rust or impurities that could affect the reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the observation when zinc is dropped into a test tube containing dilute HCl?

    <p>Fizzing or effervescence with gas bubbles produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is it known that a gas is produced in the reaction between zinc and HCl?

    <p>Formation of bubbles in the solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of the gas produced in the reaction between zinc and HCl?

    <p>Colorless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a lighted candle is brought near the mouth of the narrow jet tube during the experiment?

    <p>The gas ignites with a pop sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid?

    <p>$2Zn + 2HCl \rightarrow 2ZnCl_2 + H_2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acid-Base Chemistry

    • Acids react with active metals like zinc, magnesium, iron, and aluminum to form salts and liberate hydrogen gas.
    • The general equation is: Active Metal + Dilute Acid → Salt + Hydrogen

    Reaction of Acids with Metals

    • Zinc metal reacts with hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride and hydrogen gas: Ca + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2
    • Magnesium reacts with sulfuric acid to form magnesium sulfate and hydrogen gas: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2

    Experiment 3.4: Reaction of Acid with a Metal

    • Objective: To investigate the reaction of zinc metal with hydrochloric acid
    • Materials: Test tube, narrow jet test tube, candle, cork, zinc metal, dilute HCl, lighter or match, steel wool, and stand and clamp
    • Procedure:
      • Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure 3.5
      • Pour 5 mL of dilute HCl into a test tube
      • Clean a piece of zinc with steel wool until it's shiny
      • Observe the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid

    Reaction of Acids with Carbonates and Hydrogen Carbonates

    • Acids react with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates to form salts, water, and carbon dioxide gas
    • Examples:
      • 2HCl (aq) + CaCO3 (s) → CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
      • H2SO4 (aq) + Ca(HCO3)2 (aq) → CaSO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l) + 2CO2 (g)

    Experiment 3.5: Reactions of Acids with Carbonates and Hydrogen Carbonates

    • Objective: To investigate the reactions of carbonates and hydrogen carbonates with dilute hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid
    • Materials: Dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, calcium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, test tubes, test tube rack, lime water, spatula, and rubber stopper
    • Procedure:
      • Add calcium carbonate powder or a lump of calcium carbonate into a test tube
      • Add 5 mL of lime water into another test tube
      • Add 5 mL of dilute hydrochloric acid into the test tube containing calcium carbonate
      • Observe the reaction and record observations

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    Description

    Record observations of acid-base indicators in a table and analyze the reactions of acids with metals in a laboratory report. Collaborate with your group and submit the report to your teacher. Explore the color changes of litmus, phenolphthalein, and methyl orange in various acid solutions. Examine the reactions of dilute acids with active metals like zinc, magnesium, and iron.

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