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Questions and Answers
What is the objective of the experiment titled 'Reaction of an acid with a metal'?
Which of the following metals reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to liberate hydrogen gas?
If calcium reacts with hydrochloric acid, what is formed?
What is the general chemical formula for the reaction between an active metal and dilute acid?
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Which of the following is NOT a material required for the experiment on 'Reaction of an acid with a metal'?
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In the reaction between magnesium and sulfuric acid, which gas is liberated?
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What is the general formula for the reaction between an acid and a carbonate?
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Which acid is used in the experiment with calcium carbonate?
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What is the purpose of adding lime water in the experiment?
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What would be observed if there is a color change when the gas from the reaction enters lime water?
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What products are formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate?
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Why is it important to cover the test tube containing calcium carbonate with a rubber stopper immediately after adding hydrochloric acid?
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Why was the piece of zinc cleaned with steel wool before the experiment?
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What is the observation when zinc is dropped into a test tube containing dilute HCl?
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How is it known that a gas is produced in the reaction between zinc and HCl?
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What is the color of the gas produced in the reaction between zinc and HCl?
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What happens when a lighted candle is brought near the mouth of the narrow jet tube during the experiment?
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Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid?
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Study Notes
Acid-Base Chemistry
- Acids react with active metals like zinc, magnesium, iron, and aluminum to form salts and liberate hydrogen gas.
- The general equation is: Active Metal + Dilute Acid → Salt + Hydrogen
Reaction of Acids with Metals
- Zinc metal reacts with hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride and hydrogen gas: Ca + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2
- Magnesium reacts with sulfuric acid to form magnesium sulfate and hydrogen gas: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Experiment 3.4: Reaction of Acid with a Metal
- Objective: To investigate the reaction of zinc metal with hydrochloric acid
- Materials: Test tube, narrow jet test tube, candle, cork, zinc metal, dilute HCl, lighter or match, steel wool, and stand and clamp
- Procedure:
- Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure 3.5
- Pour 5 mL of dilute HCl into a test tube
- Clean a piece of zinc with steel wool until it's shiny
- Observe the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid
Reaction of Acids with Carbonates and Hydrogen Carbonates
- Acids react with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates to form salts, water, and carbon dioxide gas
- Examples:
- 2HCl (aq) + CaCO3 (s) → CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
- H2SO4 (aq) + Ca(HCO3)2 (aq) → CaSO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l) + 2CO2 (g)
Experiment 3.5: Reactions of Acids with Carbonates and Hydrogen Carbonates
- Objective: To investigate the reactions of carbonates and hydrogen carbonates with dilute hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid
- Materials: Dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, calcium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, test tubes, test tube rack, lime water, spatula, and rubber stopper
- Procedure:
- Add calcium carbonate powder or a lump of calcium carbonate into a test tube
- Add 5 mL of lime water into another test tube
- Add 5 mL of dilute hydrochloric acid into the test tube containing calcium carbonate
- Observe the reaction and record observations
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Description
Record observations of acid-base indicators in a table and analyze the reactions of acids with metals in a laboratory report. Collaborate with your group and submit the report to your teacher. Explore the color changes of litmus, phenolphthalein, and methyl orange in various acid solutions. Examine the reactions of dilute acids with active metals like zinc, magnesium, and iron.
