5 Questions
What is the formula to calculate the pH of a solution?
pH = -log[H+]
What is the main difference between strong and weak acids?
Strong acids completely dissociate in water, whereas weak acids partially dissociate in water.
What is the product of a neutralization reaction between an acid and a base?
Salt and Water
What is the characteristic of organic acids?
They contain carbon and hydrogen atoms and are found in living organisms.
What is the term for an acid that completely dissociates in water?
Strong acid
Study Notes
pH Scale
- Measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution
- pH = -log[H+]
- pH range: 0-14
- Acidic: pH < 7
- Neutral: pH = 7
- Basic: pH > 7
Strong Acids
- Completely dissociate in water
- High acidity
- Examples:
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
- Nitric acid (HNO3)
- Perchloric acid (HClO4)
Weak Acids
- Partially dissociate in water
- Lower acidity than strong acids
- Examples:
- Acetic acid (CH3COOH)
- Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
- Citric acid (C6H8O7)
Acid-Base Reactions
- Neutralization reactions:
- Acid (H+) + Base (OH-) → Salt + Water
- Acid-base equilibrium:
- HA (acid) + H2O → H3O+ (hydronium ion) + A- (conjugate base)
Organic Acids
- Contain carbon and hydrogen atoms
- Found in living organisms
- Examples:
- Citric acid (C6H8O7)
- Lactic acid (C3H6O3)
- Tartaric acid (C4H6O6)
- Ascorbic acid (C6H8O6)
Test your knowledge of acids and bases, including pH scale, strong and weak acids, acid-base reactions, and organic acids.
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