Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
7
What is the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?
A strong acid completely dissociates in water, while a weak acid partially dissociates in water.
What is a neutralization reaction, and what are the products of this reaction?
A neutralization reaction is a reaction between an acid and a base, resulting in the formation of a salt and water.
What is the difference between a normal salt, an acid salt, and a basic salt?
Signup and view all the answers
What determines the solubility of a salt?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a unique property of salts that allows them to conduct electricity?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Acid-Base Chemistry
pH Scale
- pH: measure of hydrogen ion concentration
- pH 7: neutral (neither acidic nor basic)
- pH < 7: acidic
- pH > 7: basic
Acid-Base Reactions
- Acid (donates H+): HCl → H+ + Cl-
- Base (accepts H+): NaOH → Na+ + OH-
- Neutralization reaction: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
Strong and Weak Acids/Bases
- Strong acids: completely dissociate in water (e.g., HCl, HNO3)
- Weak acids: partially dissociate in water (e.g., CH3COOH)
- Strong bases: completely dissociate in water (e.g., NaOH, KOH)
- Weak bases: partially dissociate in water (e.g., NH3)
Salts
Formation of Salts
- Neutralization reaction: acid + base → salt + water
- Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl (table salt) + H2O
Types of Salts
- Normal salts: contain only one type of cation and anion (e.g., NaCl)
- Acid salts: contain a cation and an anion from a weak acid (e.g., NaCH3COO)
- Basic salts: contain a cation and an anion from a weak base (e.g., NH4Cl)
- Double salts: contain two different cations and anions (e.g., KAl(SO4)2·12H2O)
Properties of Salts
- Solubility: varies depending on the salt
- Conductivity: salts dissociate into ions, allowing them to conduct electricity
Acid-Base Chemistry
pH Scale
- pH measures hydrogen ion concentration
- pH 7 is neutral (neither acidic nor basic)
- pH below 7 is acidic
- pH above 7 is basic
Acid-Base Reactions
- Acids donate H+ ions (e.g., HCl → H+ + Cl-)
- Bases accept H+ ions (e.g., NaOH → Na+ + OH-)
- Neutralization reaction: acid + base → salt + water (e.g., HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O)
Strong and Weak Acids/Bases
- Strong acids completely dissociate in water (e.g., HCl, HNO3)
- Weak acids partially dissociate in water (e.g., CH3COOH)
- Strong bases completely dissociate in water (e.g., NaOH, KOH)
- Weak bases partially dissociate in water (e.g., NH3)
Salts
Formation of Salts
- Neutralization reaction forms salts and water from acid and base reaction
- Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl (table salt) + H2O
Types of Salts
- Normal salts contain one type of cation and anion (e.g., NaCl)
- Acid salts contain a cation and an anion from a weak acid (e.g., NaCH3COO)
- Basic salts contain a cation and an anion from a weak base (e.g., NH4Cl)
- Double salts contain two different cations and anions (e.g., KAl(SO4)2·12H2O)
Properties of Salts
- Solubility varies depending on the salt
- Salts dissociate into ions, allowing them to conduct electricity
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Learn the basics of acid-base chemistry, including the pH scale, acid-base reactions, and strong and weak acids and bases.