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Acid-Base Chemistry Fundamentals
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Acid-Base Chemistry Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

What is the pH of a neutral solution?

7

What is the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?

A strong acid completely dissociates in water, while a weak acid partially dissociates in water.

What is a neutralization reaction, and what are the products of this reaction?

A neutralization reaction is a reaction between an acid and a base, resulting in the formation of a salt and water.

What is the difference between a normal salt, an acid salt, and a basic salt?

<p>A normal salt contains one type of cation and anion, an acid salt contains a cation and an anion from a weak acid, and a basic salt contains a cation and an anion from a weak base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the solubility of a salt?

<p>The solubility of a salt varies depending on the salt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique property of salts that allows them to conduct electricity?

<p>Salts can conduct electricity because they dissociate into ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acid-Base Chemistry

pH Scale

  • pH: measure of hydrogen ion concentration
  • pH 7: neutral (neither acidic nor basic)
  • pH < 7: acidic
  • pH > 7: basic

Acid-Base Reactions

  • Acid (donates H+): HCl → H+ + Cl-
  • Base (accepts H+): NaOH → Na+ + OH-
  • Neutralization reaction: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

Strong and Weak Acids/Bases

  • Strong acids: completely dissociate in water (e.g., HCl, HNO3)
  • Weak acids: partially dissociate in water (e.g., CH3COOH)
  • Strong bases: completely dissociate in water (e.g., NaOH, KOH)
  • Weak bases: partially dissociate in water (e.g., NH3)

Salts

Formation of Salts

  • Neutralization reaction: acid + base → salt + water
  • Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl (table salt) + H2O

Types of Salts

  • Normal salts: contain only one type of cation and anion (e.g., NaCl)
  • Acid salts: contain a cation and an anion from a weak acid (e.g., NaCH3COO)
  • Basic salts: contain a cation and an anion from a weak base (e.g., NH4Cl)
  • Double salts: contain two different cations and anions (e.g., KAl(SO4)2·12H2O)

Properties of Salts

  • Solubility: varies depending on the salt
  • Conductivity: salts dissociate into ions, allowing them to conduct electricity

Acid-Base Chemistry

pH Scale

  • pH measures hydrogen ion concentration
  • pH 7 is neutral (neither acidic nor basic)
  • pH below 7 is acidic
  • pH above 7 is basic

Acid-Base Reactions

  • Acids donate H+ ions (e.g., HCl → H+ + Cl-)
  • Bases accept H+ ions (e.g., NaOH → Na+ + OH-)
  • Neutralization reaction: acid + base → salt + water (e.g., HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O)

Strong and Weak Acids/Bases

  • Strong acids completely dissociate in water (e.g., HCl, HNO3)
  • Weak acids partially dissociate in water (e.g., CH3COOH)
  • Strong bases completely dissociate in water (e.g., NaOH, KOH)
  • Weak bases partially dissociate in water (e.g., NH3)

Salts

Formation of Salts

  • Neutralization reaction forms salts and water from acid and base reaction
  • Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl (table salt) + H2O

Types of Salts

  • Normal salts contain one type of cation and anion (e.g., NaCl)
  • Acid salts contain a cation and an anion from a weak acid (e.g., NaCH3COO)
  • Basic salts contain a cation and an anion from a weak base (e.g., NH4Cl)
  • Double salts contain two different cations and anions (e.g., KAl(SO4)2·12H2O)

Properties of Salts

  • Solubility varies depending on the salt
  • Salts dissociate into ions, allowing them to conduct electricity

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Learn the basics of acid-base chemistry, including the pH scale, acid-base reactions, and strong and weak acids and bases.

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