Acid-Base Chemistry Quiz

Prayer Before Class

• A prayer asking for guidance in the upcoming class.
• It requests wisdom, understanding, and a focus on learning.
• It expresses a desire to express ideas clearly.
• The prayer culminates with a request for success in the work.
• It concludes with a formal blessing.

Post-laboratory Discussion: Acidity, Basicity, pH

• The subject matter is about acidity, basicity, and pH.
• This is part of a chemistry course for engineers.
• The discussion involves post-laboratory work.

Learning Objective

• Students will learn to determine the pH of various solutions at the conclusion of an experiment.

Topic Outline

• Discussion of pH measurements for acids and bases.
• Focus on common solutions.
• Discussion of the effect of dilution on pH.
• Examining acid-base reactions.
• Analysis of the action of acids on metal.
• Include pH of water.

pH: Basicity, Acidity

• This section explains the pH scale.
• The pH scale uses small numbers and is used to specify the molar hydronium ion concentration in aqueous solutions.
• The range of the scale is 0 to 14.
• A pH less than 7 indicates an acidic solution, while a pH greater than 7 suggests a basic solution.
• A pH of 7 is neutral.

pH: Basicity, Acidity (Page 6)

• The higher the concentration of hydronium ions, the lower the pH value.
• A shift of one pH unit corresponds to a tenfold change in hydronium ion concentration.

Acid

• Substances that produce H3O+ ions in aqueous solution.

Base

• Substances that produce OH- ions in aqueous solution.

pH values of Common Solutions

• A table displays various substances and their corresponding pH values.
• Substances like battery acid, lemon juice, vinegar, and gastric juice have low pH values, indicating acidity.
• Drinking water, milk, and blood exhibit neutral to slightly alkaline pH levels.
• Substances like household bleach and lye show high pH values, suggesting basicity.

Strengths of Acids and Bases

• Acids and bases can be categorized as strong or weak based on the extent of proton transfer.

Strong Acid

• Acids that dissociate completely or almost completely in water.

Weak Acid

• Acids that partially dissociate in water.

Strong Base

• Bases that dissociate completely in water.

Weak Base

• Bases that partially dissociate in water.

Strong Acids and Bases (Table)

• A table provides the formulas and names of strong acids and bases.

Strong Acids

• Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) - Used in manufacturing.
• Hydrochloric acid (HCl) - Used in cleaning and food manufacturing.
• Nitric acid (HNO3) - Used in engraving, metal purification, and fertilizer production.

Weak Acids

• Acetic acid (CH3COOH) - Present in vinegar.

Strong Bases

• Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) - Used in soap and glass manufacturing.

Weak Bases

• Ammonia (NH3) - Used as fertilizers and cleaning agents.
• Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) - Used as laxatives and wastewater treatment.

Acidic Solution

• Aqueous solutions where H3O+ ion concentration exceeds OH- ion concentration.

Basic Solution

• Aqueous solutions where OH- ion concentration exceeds H3O+ ion concentration.

Neutral Solution

• Aqueous solutions where OH- and H3O+ ion concentrations are equal.

Some Factors Affecting pH of a Solution

• Factors affecting acidity, basicity, and pH are analyzed.

Concentration of the Solution

• Higher concentrations of acids lead to lower pH values (more acidic).
• Higher concentrations of bases lead to higher pH values (more basic).

Dissolved Salts

• Salts of strong acids and weak bases create acidic solutions.
• Salts of strong bases and weak acids create basic solutions.

Presence of Buffers

• Buffers maintain a stable pH by neutralizing added acids or bases.

Carbon Dioxide Concentration

• Carbon dioxide dissolving in water forms carbonic acid, decreasing pH.

Properties of Acids and Bases

• Overview of properties of acids and bases regarding acidity, basicity, and pH

Neutralization

• A chemical reaction where an acid and a hydroxide base combine to make salt and water.

Application of Neutralization Reaction

• Neutralization reactions are commonly used for treating wastewater and controlling soil pH.

Reaction with Metals

• Strong acids react with active metals to produce hydrogen gas and a metal salt.

Experiment Results

• Results of experiments on acidity, basicity, and pH are presented.

pH of Acids and Bases (A.1)

• Observed pH values of various solutions, especially acids and bases, using litmus paper and pH meters.
• Data on 0.1M HCl, CH3COOH, and 0.1M NaOH solutions are provided.

pH of Common Solutions (A.2)

• Observed pH for various solutions including Vinegar, Lemon Juice, and Household Ammonia.
• Data provided using both observed pH and pH meter results.

pH of Water (A.3)

• Observed pH values for boiled distilled water, unboiled distilled water, and tap water.

Effect of Dilution on pH of Acids and Basic Solutions (B)

• Observations on how dilution affects the pH of solutions, especially 0.1M HCI solutions.

Acid-Base Reaction (C)

• Results of acid-base reactions, using litmus paper to determine pH.
• Includes results for 0.1M HCl and 0.1M NaOH, and 0.1M CH3COOH and 0.1M NaOH solutions.

Action of Acids on Metals (D)

• Results on the reaction of acids with metals, observing the speed of gas formation.

What Effect Does Dilution Have on the pH of (a) an Acid? (b) a Base?

• Questions on the effect of dilution on pH of acids and bases.

Dilution

• The process of adding more solvent to a solution which affects the solute concentration.

Effects on an Acid

• Dilution increases the pH of an acid, as concentration of H3O+ ions decreases.
• Fewer H3O+ ions mean less acidic, increasing pH value.

Effects on a Base

• Dilution decreases the pH of a base as you add more water, concentration of OH- ions decreases.
• Fewer OH- ions mean less basic, lowering pH value.

Describe Carefully the Properties of Each Substance

• Request to describe properties of substances created in a specific manner.

Molar Concentration of An Acid Affecting Reaction Rate

• Discusses Collision Theory.
• Explains that a lower acid concentration reduces collisions, thus decreasing the reaction rate.

Compound in Potato Starch

• Query about compound found in potato starch.

Explain why unboiled deionized water has a measured pH less than 7?

• Explanation on why deionized water has lower pH than 7.
• Unboiled water absorbs carbon dioxide from air to form carbonic acid.
• Carbonic acid dissociates, increasing hydronium ions.

What Difference Has Adding Glycerol Made?

• Question on the impact of adding glycerol.

References

• A list of resources used during the presentations.

Test your knowledge on the pH scale and its significance in acid-base chemistry. This quiz covers essential concepts such as the effects of dilution on acidic solutions and the behavior of acids when reacting with metals. Perfect for students learning about chemical properties and reactions.