CH 17: Acid-base reactions

<p><strong>Neutralization reactions</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

<p><strong>Determining the proportions of reactants and products</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

<p><strong>Diprotic Acid</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

<p><strong>Substances that can act as either an acid or a base</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

<p><strong>They help maintain pH levels in diverse environments</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

<ul> <li>→ + -</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because it helps predict the outcomes of reactions and design neutralization processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase the concentration of hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proton donors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase the concentration of hydroxide ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accept protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Donors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introduced concept of hydrogen ions in acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease their concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proposed a generalized acid-base theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>H3O^+ ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Definition of acids and bases based on ion concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acid + Base → Salt + Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can donate two protons per molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are crucial in various industrial processes, environmental management, and biological systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substances that can act as either an acid or a base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They completely ionize or dissociate in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They only partially ionize in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acid + Water → Hydronium Ion + Conjugate Base</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CH3COOH (acetic acid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acids increase the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in aqueous solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proton (H⁺) donors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are weak electrolytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutralization reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To calculate the amount of reactants and products involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substances that can act as both acids and bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They always produce water and a salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps in understanding biological processes and industrial applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proton (H⁺) acceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acids increase the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) or hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) in aqueous solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A base is a substance that accepts protons (H⁺).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid and a base combine to form a salt and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A polyprotic acid is an acid that can donate two or more protons per molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substances that can act as both acids and bases, depending on the reaction conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is crucial for various biological functions, industrial processes, and environmental systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Lowry-Brønsted theory defines acids as proton (H⁺) donors and bases as proton acceptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong acids and bases dissociate completely in aqueous solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stoichiometry is used to determine the amount of reactants required for a complete reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A monoprotic acid is an acid that can donate only one proton per molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diprotic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$\mathrm{Acid + Base \rightarrow Salt + Water}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can donate two protons per molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$\mathrm{HA + H_2O \rightarrow H_3O^+ + A^-}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutralization reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both a and c</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$\mathrm{H_2A + 2H_2O \rightarrow 2H_3O^+ + A^{2-}}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quantifying the proportions of reactants and products</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water (H2O)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Donating two protons per molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contain a high amount of acid or base relative to the volume of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Combining an acid and a base to form water and a salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acts as either an acid or a base depending on the reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong acids dissociate completely in water, while weak acids only partially ionize.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their lower concentration of acid or base relative to water volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reversible nature of acid-base interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arrhenius theory defines acids based on H+ ion concentration, while Lowry-Brnsted theory defines acids as proton donors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amphoteric substances can act as both acids and bases, impacting reaction outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diprotic acids can donate two protons per molecule, while monoprotic acids can donate only one proton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong acids and bases completely dissociate in solution, while weak acids and bases partially dissociate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stoichiometry helps balance chemical equations involving acid-base reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polyprotic acids can donate multiple protons per molecule, while monoprotic acids can donate only one proton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lowry-Brnsted theory provides a more comprehensive view by defining bases as proton acceptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concentrated acids/bases have higher molarity than diluted solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers