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Acidosis: Respiratory and Metabolic

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Questions and Answers

What is the normal HCO3‾ /H2CO3 ratio?

Equal to 20/1

Less than 20/1 (correct)

Greater than 20/1

Not mentioned in the text

What are the causes of metabolic acidosis?

Massive pneumonia

Severe bronchial asthma

Severe muscular exercise with production of large amounts of lactic acid (correct)

Depression of the respiratory center by toxins

In respiratory acidosis, what is the compensation mechanism by the kidneys?

Increase excretion of H + ion and increase reabsorption of HCO3 ‾ into the blood (correct)

Decrease excretion of H + ion and decrease reabsorption of HCO3 ‾ into the blood

Increase excretion of CO2 through the urine

No compensation by the kidneys

In uncompensated metabolic acidosis, what are the biochemical characteristics?

[HCO3‾] normal, [H2CO3] increased and pH< 7.35 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of high protein diet on the production of acids?

Increase production of acids like phosphoric, sulfuric and uric acids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is characterized by increased production of ketone bodies?

Severe uncontrolled diabetes mellitus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary compensatory mechanism for acidosis mentioned in the text?

Stimulation of the respiratory centre causing deep and rapid breathing Signup and view all the answers

What causes renal acidosis according to the text?

Inability of the kidneys to excrete organic and inorganic acids formed inside the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased ventilation as a compensatory mechanism for acidosis?

Reduction in CO2 levels Signup and view all the answers

When does excessive loss of bases occur according to the text?

In cases of severe vomiting and diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acid-Base Balance

The normal HCO₃⁻/H₂CO₃ ratio is 20:1.

Causes of Metabolic Acidosis

Causes of metabolic acidosis include: • Increased production of acids (e.g., high protein diet) • Excessive loss of bases (e.g., diarrhea) • Renal acidosis (kidney disease)

Respiratory Acidosis Compensation

In respiratory acidosis, the kidneys compensate by increasing HCO₃⁻ reabsorption and H⁺ secretion.

Metabolic Acidosis Characteristics

In uncompensated metabolic acidosis, biochemical characteristics include: • Decreased pH • Decreased HCO₃⁻ • Increased anion gap

Effects of Diet and Ketone Bodies

High protein diet increases acid production.
Conditions characterized by increased production of ketone bodies include diabetic ketoacidosis.

Compensatory Mechanisms for Acidosis

The primary compensatory mechanism for acidosis is respiratory compensation (increased ventilation).
Increased ventilation helps to remove excess CO₂ and increase pH.

Renal Acidosis

Renal acidosis is caused by kidney disease, which impairs the kidneys' ability to regulate acid-base balance.

Excessive Loss of Bases

Excessive loss of bases occurs in conditions such as diarrhea.

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Description

This quiz covers the concept of acidosis, focusing on its two classifications: respiratory and metabolic. It includes causes, compensation mechanisms, and related conditions.