10 Questions
What is the normal HCO3‾ /H2CO3 ratio?
Less than 20/1
What are the causes of metabolic acidosis?
Severe muscular exercise with production of large amounts of lactic acid
In respiratory acidosis, what is the compensation mechanism by the kidneys?
Increase excretion of H + ion and increase reabsorption of HCO3 ‾ into the blood
In uncompensated metabolic acidosis, what are the biochemical characteristics?
[HCO3‾] normal, [H2CO3] increased and pH< 7.35
What is the effect of high protein diet on the production of acids?
Increase production of acids like phosphoric, sulfuric and uric acids
Which of the following conditions is characterized by increased production of ketone bodies?
Severe uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
What is the primary compensatory mechanism for acidosis mentioned in the text?
Stimulation of the respiratory centre causing deep and rapid breathing
What causes renal acidosis according to the text?
Inability of the kidneys to excrete organic and inorganic acids formed inside the body
What is the effect of increased ventilation as a compensatory mechanism for acidosis?
Reduction in CO2 levels
When does excessive loss of bases occur according to the text?
In cases of severe vomiting and diarrhea
Study Notes
Acid-Base Balance
- The normal HCO₃⁻/H₂CO₃ ratio is 20:1.
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis
- Causes of metabolic acidosis include: • Increased production of acids (e.g., high protein diet) • Excessive loss of bases (e.g., diarrhea) • Renal acidosis (kidney disease)
Respiratory Acidosis Compensation
- In respiratory acidosis, the kidneys compensate by increasing HCO₃⁻ reabsorption and H⁺ secretion.
Metabolic Acidosis Characteristics
- In uncompensated metabolic acidosis, biochemical characteristics include: • Decreased pH • Decreased HCO₃⁻ • Increased anion gap
Effects of Diet and Ketone Bodies
- High protein diet increases acid production.
- Conditions characterized by increased production of ketone bodies include diabetic ketoacidosis.
Compensatory Mechanisms for Acidosis
- The primary compensatory mechanism for acidosis is respiratory compensation (increased ventilation).
- Increased ventilation helps to remove excess CO₂ and increase pH.
Renal Acidosis
- Renal acidosis is caused by kidney disease, which impairs the kidneys' ability to regulate acid-base balance.
Excessive Loss of Bases
- Excessive loss of bases occurs in conditions such as diarrhea.
This quiz covers the concept of acidosis, focusing on its two classifications: respiratory and metabolic. It includes causes, compensation mechanisms, and related conditions.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
