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Questions and Answers
What is the normal HCO3‾ /H2CO3 ratio?
What is the normal HCO3‾ /H2CO3 ratio?
- Equal to 20/1
- Less than 20/1 (correct)
- Greater than 20/1
- Not mentioned in the text
What are the causes of metabolic acidosis?
What are the causes of metabolic acidosis?
- Massive pneumonia
- Severe bronchial asthma
- Severe muscular exercise with production of large amounts of lactic acid (correct)
- Depression of the respiratory center by toxins
In respiratory acidosis, what is the compensation mechanism by the kidneys?
In respiratory acidosis, what is the compensation mechanism by the kidneys?
- Increase excretion of H + ion and increase reabsorption of HCO3 ‾ into the blood (correct)
- Decrease excretion of H + ion and decrease reabsorption of HCO3 ‾ into the blood
- Increase excretion of CO2 through the urine
- No compensation by the kidneys
In uncompensated metabolic acidosis, what are the biochemical characteristics?
In uncompensated metabolic acidosis, what are the biochemical characteristics?
What is the effect of high protein diet on the production of acids?
What is the effect of high protein diet on the production of acids?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by increased production of ketone bodies?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by increased production of ketone bodies?
What is the primary compensatory mechanism for acidosis mentioned in the text?
What is the primary compensatory mechanism for acidosis mentioned in the text?
What causes renal acidosis according to the text?
What causes renal acidosis according to the text?
What is the effect of increased ventilation as a compensatory mechanism for acidosis?
What is the effect of increased ventilation as a compensatory mechanism for acidosis?
When does excessive loss of bases occur according to the text?
When does excessive loss of bases occur according to the text?
Flashcards
What's the normal HCO3-/H2CO3 ratio?
What's the normal HCO3-/H2CO3 ratio?
The normal ratio of bicarbonate (HCO3-) to carbonic acid (H2CO3) in the blood is generally less than 20:1.
What causes metabolic acidosis?
What causes metabolic acidosis?
Metabolic acidosis can be caused by the buildup of lactic acid, often due to intense physical activity.
How do kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis?
How do kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis?
In respiratory acidosis, the kidneys compensate by excreting more hydrogen ions (H+) and reabsorbing more bicarbonate (HCO3-) into the blood.
What are the biochemical characteristics of uncompensated metabolic acidosis?
What are the biochemical characteristics of uncompensated metabolic acidosis?
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How does a high-protein diet affect acid production?
How does a high-protein diet affect acid production?
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What condition is linked to increased ketone body production?
What condition is linked to increased ketone body production?
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What's the main compensatory mechanism for acidosis?
What's the main compensatory mechanism for acidosis?
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What causes renal acidosis?
What causes renal acidosis?
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How does increased ventilation compensate for acidosis?
How does increased ventilation compensate for acidosis?
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When does excessive loss of bases occur?
When does excessive loss of bases occur?
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Study Notes
Acid-Base Balance
- The normal HCO₃⁻/H₂CO₃ ratio is 20:1.
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis
- Causes of metabolic acidosis include: • Increased production of acids (e.g., high protein diet) • Excessive loss of bases (e.g., diarrhea) • Renal acidosis (kidney disease)
Respiratory Acidosis Compensation
- In respiratory acidosis, the kidneys compensate by increasing HCO₃⁻ reabsorption and H⁺ secretion.
Metabolic Acidosis Characteristics
- In uncompensated metabolic acidosis, biochemical characteristics include: • Decreased pH • Decreased HCO₃⁻ • Increased anion gap
Effects of Diet and Ketone Bodies
- High protein diet increases acid production.
- Conditions characterized by increased production of ketone bodies include diabetic ketoacidosis.
Compensatory Mechanisms for Acidosis
- The primary compensatory mechanism for acidosis is respiratory compensation (increased ventilation).
- Increased ventilation helps to remove excess CO₂ and increase pH.
Renal Acidosis
- Renal acidosis is caused by kidney disease, which impairs the kidneys' ability to regulate acid-base balance.
Excessive Loss of Bases
- Excessive loss of bases occurs in conditions such as diarrhea.
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Description
This quiz covers the concept of acidosis, focusing on its two classifications: respiratory and metabolic. It includes causes, compensation mechanisms, and related conditions.
