24 Questions
Where does the tuberculosis bacillus disseminate during secondary TB?
Regional lymph nodes, kidneys, long bones, genital tract, brain, and meninges
What is a common symptom of untreated TB?
Violent coughing, greenish or bloody sputum
What is the purpose of the Mantoux test?
To determine if someone has been infected with TB
What percentage of people with untreated TB die?
60%
What type of bacteria is Mycobacterium leprae?
A strict parasite
How do macrophages respond to Mycobacterium leprae?
They phagocytize the bacteria, but may not kill it
What is the primary reason why Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be stained by acid-fast stain?
The carbolfuchsin is soluble in the lipids of the mycobacterial cell wall.
What is the characteristic of the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that makes it acid-fast?
High content of mycolic acids
What is the purpose of the counterstain in the acid-fast stain?
To stain the non-acid-fast bacteria
What is the characteristic of the genus Mycobacterium that allows them to be distinguished from other bacteria?
They are acid-fast
What is the significance of the long time heating process in the acid-fast stain?
It increases the penetration of the carbolfuchsin
What is the characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that makes it grow slowly?
It has a slow rate of cell division
What is the primary component responsible for the waxy coating on the cell surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Mycolic acid
What percentage of infected people typically develop clinical disease?
5%
What is the primary way that Mycobacterium tuberculosis is transmitted?
By airborne respiratory droplets
What is the term for the small, granulomatous lesions that form in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection?
Tubercles
What is the term for the reactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection after a period of latency?
Secondary tuberculosis
What is the infectious dose of Mycobacterium tuberculosis required to cause infection?
10 cells
What is the primary mode of transmission of leprosy?
Through direct contact with an infected person's skin lesions
What is the typical incubation period of leprosy?
2-5 years
What is the characteristic of the Tuberculoid form of leprosy?
Superficial infection without skin disfigurement
What is the purpose of constant surveillance of high-risk populations in relation to leprosy?
To prevent the disease
What is the genus of bacteria that is related to mycobacteria and may cause chronic infection of skin and soft tissues?
Both A and B
What is the name of the disease caused by Nocardia brasiliensis?
Pulmonary disease similar to TB
Review of acid-fast staining and its importance in identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae, and atypical mycobacteria. Learn about the Ziehl-Neelsen stain and its role in differentiating acid-fast bacteria from non-acid fast bacteria.
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