Acid-Fast Staining and Mycobacteria

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Where does the tuberculosis bacillus disseminate during secondary TB?

Only the meninges and brain

Regional lymph nodes, kidneys, and genital tract

Only the kidneys and genital tract

Regional lymph nodes, kidneys, long bones, genital tract, brain, and meninges (correct)

What is a common symptom of untreated TB?

Loss of appetite and weight gain

Mild cough and no fever

Violent coughing, greenish or bloody sputum (correct)

Sudden gain of energy and appetite

What is the purpose of the Mantoux test?

To identify acid-fast bacilli

To determine if someone has been infected with TB (correct)

To grow TB bacilli in a culture

To diagnose Hansen's disease

What percentage of people with untreated TB die?

60% Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria is Mycobacterium leprae?

A strict parasite Signup and view all the answers

How do macrophages respond to Mycobacterium leprae?

They phagocytize the bacteria, but may not kill it Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be stained by acid-fast stain?

The carbolfuchsin is soluble in the lipids of the mycobacterial cell wall. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that makes it acid-fast?

High content of mycolic acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the counterstain in the acid-fast stain?

To stain the non-acid-fast bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the genus Mycobacterium that allows them to be distinguished from other bacteria?

They are acid-fast Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the long time heating process in the acid-fast stain?

It increases the penetration of the carbolfuchsin Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that makes it grow slowly?

It has a slow rate of cell division Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component responsible for the waxy coating on the cell surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Mycolic acid Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of infected people typically develop clinical disease?

5% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way that Mycobacterium tuberculosis is transmitted?

By airborne respiratory droplets Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the small, granulomatous lesions that form in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection?

Tubercles Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the reactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection after a period of latency?

Secondary tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the infectious dose of Mycobacterium tuberculosis required to cause infection?

10 cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of leprosy?

Through direct contact with an infected person's skin lesions Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical incubation period of leprosy?

2-5 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the Tuberculoid form of leprosy?

Superficial infection without skin disfigurement Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of constant surveillance of high-risk populations in relation to leprosy?

To prevent the disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the genus of bacteria that is related to mycobacteria and may cause chronic infection of skin and soft tissues?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease caused by Nocardia brasiliensis?

Pulmonary disease similar to TB Signup and view all the answers