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Questions and Answers
A patient presents with the following ABG results:
- pH: 7.29
- PaCO2: 52 mmHg
- HCO3-: 25 mEq/L
What is the acid-base disturbance?
A patient presents with the following ABG results:
- pH: 7.29
- PaCO2: 52 mmHg
- HCO3-: 25 mEq/L What is the acid-base disturbance?
A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following ABG results:
- pH: 7.22
- PaCO2: 28 mmHg
- HCO3-: 12 mEq/L
What is the primary acid-base disturbance?
A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following ABG results:
- pH: 7.22
- PaCO2: 28 mmHg
- HCO3-: 12 mEq/L What is the primary acid-base disturbance?
A patient with prolonged vomiting has the following ABG results:
- pH: 7.50
- PaCO2: 47 mmHg
- HCO3-: 34 mEq/L
What is the acid-base disturbance?
A patient with prolonged vomiting has the following ABG results:
- pH: 7.50
- PaCO2: 47 mmHg
- HCO3-: 34 mEq/L What is the acid-base disturbance?
A patient with a history of COPD presents with the following ABG results:
- pH: 7.37
- PaCO2: 55 mmHg
- HCO3-: 30 mEq/L
What is the acid-base status?
A patient with a history of COPD presents with the following ABG results:
- pH: 7.37
- PaCO2: 55 mmHg
- HCO3-: 30 mEq/L What is the acid-base status?
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A patient experiencing sepsis has the following ABG results:
- pH: 7.31
- PaCO2: 32 mmHg
- HCO3-: 16 mEq/L
What is the acid-base disturbance?
A patient experiencing sepsis has the following ABG results:
- pH: 7.31
- PaCO2: 32 mmHg
- HCO3-: 16 mEq/L What is the acid-base disturbance?
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A post-operative patient is hypoventilating and presents with the following ABG results:
- pH: 7.20
- PaCO2: 60 mmHg
- HCO3:: 24 mEq/L
What is the acid-base disturbance?
A post-operative patient is hypoventilating and presents with the following ABG results:
- pH: 7.20
- PaCO2: 60 mmHg
- HCO3:: 24 mEq/L What is the acid-base disturbance?
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A patient has the following ABG results:
- pH: 7.45
- PaCO2: 30 mmHg
- HCO3-: 20 mEq/L
What is the acid-base status?
A patient has the following ABG results:
- pH: 7.45
- PaCO2: 30 mmHg
- HCO3-: 20 mEq/L What is the acid-base status?
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A patient presents with the following ABG results:
- pH: 7.10
- PaCO2: 60 mmHg
- HCO3-: 18 mEq/L
What is the acid-base disturbance?
A patient presents with the following ABG results:
- pH: 7.10
- PaCO2: 60 mmHg
- HCO3-: 18 mEq/L What is the acid-base disturbance?
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Study Notes
Acid-Base Imbalances
- Definition: Acid-base imbalances are disturbances in the body's pH balance, impacting various physiological processes.
- Assessment: Blood gas analysis (ABG) measurements, including pH, PaCO2, and HCO3-, are crucial for diagnosing acid-base imbalances.
Respiratory Acidosis
- Cause: Hypoventilation, impairing CO2 elimination.
- pH: Low (acidic)
- PaCO2: Elevated
- HCO3-: May be normal (uncompensated) or slightly elevated (compensated)
- Compensation: Kidneys attempt to retain bicarbonate to compensate for the decreased pH.
Metabolic Acidosis
- Cause: Excess acid production, loss of bicarbonate
- pH: Low (acidic)
- PaCO2: Often decreased (compensatory hyperventilation)
- HCO3-: Low
- Compensation: Lungs attempt to decrease CO2 by increasing the RR (rate and depth) to restore pH within the normal range.
Respiratory Alkalosis
- Cause: Hyperventilation, leading to excessive CO2 loss.
- pH: High (alkaline)
- PaCO2: Low
- HCO3-: May be normal (uncompensated) or slightly decreased (compensated).
- Compensation: Kidneys attempt to excrete bicarbonate to counteract the alkaline pH.
Metabolic Alkalosis
- Cause: Loss of acid, or excess bicarbonate intake
- pH: High (alkaline)
- PaCO2: Often increased (compensatory hypoventilation).
- HCO3-: Elevated.
- Compensation: Lungs attempt to increase CO2 to bring CO2 back to normal levels.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
- Type of Acid-base Imbalance: Metabolic acidosis.
- Cause: Insufficient insulin causes the body to break down fats for energy, producing ketones that lower blood pH. Fat metabolism produces acidic ketones.
Determining the Acid-Base Imbalance
- A patient's symptoms and clinical presentation must be considered in conjunction with the ABG results to confirm and justify the cause for a particular acid-base imbalance.
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Description
This quiz covers the concepts of acid-base imbalances, highlighting their definitions, causes, and assessment techniques. It focuses on understanding respiratory acidosis, metabolic acidosis, and respiratory alkalosis, including the body's compensatory mechanisms. Test your knowledge on blood gas analysis and its significance in diagnosing these imbalances.
