Arterial Blood Gases (ABG) and Acid-Base Imbalances

A condition due to loss of acid or gain of base, increasing blood pH.

Includes vomiting, diuretic overuse, NG suction, adrenal disease, laxatives, alcohol, and bicarbonate ingestion.

Bleeding from the nose due to capillary rupture in congested nasal membranes.

Includes sitting upright, applying pressure, using ice, nasal packing, and rhinoscopy.

Anterior is more common and less severe; posterior is less common and more severe.

A condition where the nasal septum deviates from the midline, causing airflow obstruction.

Includes snoring, shortness of breath, and postnasal drip due to obstruction.

An antigen-antibody reaction causing inflammation in nasal membranes and conjunctiva.

Tests that measure pH, CO2, and HCO3 in the blood.

The normal pH level in the blood is between 7.35 to 7.45.

A condition with acid accumulation due to kidney issues.

A decrease in CO2 due to hyperventilation.

An acronym for analyzing ABGs: Respiratory Opposite, Metabolic Even.

Retention of CO2 due to respiratory problems.

Commonly due to renal failure or DKA.

Normal HCO3 level is between 22 to 26.

A viral infection spread by droplets, contagious 24 hours prior to symptoms.

Symptoms include muscle pain, fever, cough, and fatigue.

Treatment includes antivirals, fluids, analgesics, rest, and humidifiers.

Inflammation of the tonsils, often viral, leading to potential bacterial infection.

Possible complications are sinusitis, pneumonia, and otitis media.

Substances like trees, grass, and dust that cause allergic reactions.

Diagnostic tests that expose skin to allergens for allergy detection.

The temporary cessation of breathing during sleep.

A sleep disorder with upper airway obstruction causing breathing issues.

A test to assess sleep patterns and detect sleep disorders.

A device providing Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for sleep apnea.

A type of cancer typically arising as squamous cell carcinoma.

Common complications include peritonsillar abscess, acute glomerulonephritis, sinusitis, rheumatic fever, and otitis media.

Inflammation of the larynx and trachea, often caused by a virus, leading to respiratory distress.

Symptoms of croup include respiratory distress, hoarseness, voice loss, irritated throat, and persistent dry cough.

Bacterial cases require antibiotics; viral cases rely on supportive care and antipyretics for fever reduction.

Ear infection usually related to strep bacteria, causing middle ear inflammation.

Symptoms include runny nose, cough, sore throat, watery eyes, and earache, appearing 24-48 hours post-exposure.

Treatments include analgesics, antipyretics, cough suppressants, expectorants, and increased fluids.

Used in airway obstruction, includes tracheostomy and Heimlich maneuver to restore airflow.

Inflammation of the larynx, caused by virus or bacteria, or vocal strain.

Inflammation of the sinuses due to upper respiratory infections, viral or bacterial.

Inflammation of the pharynx, commonly viral, may occur with colds.

Inflammation of the tonsils, can be viral or bacterial, characterized by sore throat.

Respiratory distress, hoarseness, voice loss, irritated throat.

Bacterial sinusitis treated with antibiotics, analgesics, and nasal sprays.

Potential spread of infection causing meningitis and osteomyelitis.

Avoid cold liquids; focus on hydration after tonsil surgery.

Reduction of HCO3

Caused by a lung disease or condition that effects normal breathing

Radioallergosorbent test (RAST)

Over 60, male, smoke and alcohol, chronic laryngitis, vocal abuse, history in family

Hoarseness, pain radiating to ear, difficulty swallowing, hemoptysis

Inflammation of mucous membranes of the nose and accessory sinuses

Sudden onset of feeling VERY ill

Antibiotics, analgesics, antihistamines, vasoconstriction afrin nasal spray