Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which condition is characterized by a primary problem of low H2CO3?
Which condition is characterized by a primary problem of low H2CO3?
- Respiratory acidosis
- Metabolic alkalosis
- Respiratory alkalosis (correct)
- Metabolic acidosis
What triggers the physiological response of increased HCO3- reabsorption in respiratory acidosis?
What triggers the physiological response of increased HCO3- reabsorption in respiratory acidosis?
- Decreased lactic acid production
- Excess non-carbonic acid
- Hypocapnia
- Excess H2CO3 (correct)
Which of the following is a common cause of metabolic acidosis?
Which of the following is a common cause of metabolic acidosis?
- Diarrhea (correct)
- Obesity
- Anxiety
- Asthma
In which condition would you expect a decrease in [HCO3-] reabsorption as a physiological response?
In which condition would you expect a decrease in [HCO3-] reabsorption as a physiological response?
The primary disorder in metabolic alkalosis involves?
The primary disorder in metabolic alkalosis involves?
Which buffering system is primarily involved in metabolic acidosis?
Which buffering system is primarily involved in metabolic acidosis?
The physiological response to metabolic acidosis includes which of the following?
The physiological response to metabolic acidosis includes which of the following?
What role do H+ pumps play in metabolic alkalosis?
What role do H+ pumps play in metabolic alkalosis?
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of respiratory acidosis?
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of respiratory acidosis?
What is the primary biochemical response to excess H2CO3 in respiratory acidosis?
What is the primary biochemical response to excess H2CO3 in respiratory acidosis?
What is the primary problem in respiratory alkalosis?
What is the primary problem in respiratory alkalosis?
In metabolic acidosis, which physiological response helps to compensate for the acid excess?
In metabolic acidosis, which physiological response helps to compensate for the acid excess?
Which buffering system is implicated in the compensation for respiratory acidosis?
Which buffering system is implicated in the compensation for respiratory acidosis?
What physiological change occurs as a compensatory response to metabolic alkalosis?
What physiological change occurs as a compensatory response to metabolic alkalosis?
What is a common cause of metabolic alkalosis?
What is a common cause of metabolic alkalosis?
Flashcards
Respiratory Acidosis
Respiratory Acidosis
A condition where the body's pH is lowered due to an excess of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood.
Respiratory Alkalosis
Respiratory Alkalosis
A condition where the body's pH is raised due to a deficiency of CO2 in the blood.
Metabolic Acidosis
Metabolic Acidosis
A condition where the body's pH is lowered due to an excess of non-carbonic acids in the blood.
Metabolic Alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis
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Base Deficit
Base Deficit
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Base Excess
Base Excess
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Compensation (acid-base)
Compensation (acid-base)
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Hypercapnia
Hypercapnia
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Hypocapnia
Hypocapnia
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Acid-Base Imbalance
Acid-Base Imbalance
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Respiratory Acidosis Cause
Respiratory Acidosis Cause
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Metabolic Acidosis Cause
Metabolic Acidosis Cause
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Respiratory Alkalosis Cause
Respiratory Alkalosis Cause
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Metabolic Alkalosis Cause
Metabolic Alkalosis Cause
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Compensation
Compensation
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Study Notes
Acid-Base Compensation
- Acidemia: pH less than 7.40
- Alkalemia: pH over 7.40
- Respiratory or metabolic imbalances
Simple A-B Disorders
- Hypercapnia (resp. acidosis): Increased CO2, resulting in decreased pH.
- Hypocapnia (resp. alkalosis): Decreased CO2, resulting in increased pH.
- Metabolic acidosis: Excess non-carbonic acid, resulting in decreased pH.
- Metabolic alkalosis: Loss of non-carbonic acid or addition of HCO3-, resulting in increased pH.
Compensation
- The body's response to acid-base disorders.
- Diagnosis: Arterial blood sample (pH, pCO2, [HCO3−]).
- Diagnosis tools: Davenport diagram.
- Solid arrows: Indicate primary disorder.
- Dashed arrows: Indicate compensation.
- Increased carbonic anhydrase (CA), pCO2, and HCO3−: Filtered increase in HCO3− reabsorption.
Respiratory Acidosis (Hypercapnia)
- Primary problem: Excess H2CO3, buffered by Hgb-Im
- Bicarbonate (buffering): Increase in [HCO3−].
- Physiological response: Kidneys reabsorb more HCO3−, secrete more NH4+.
- Common causes: Asthma, COPD, obesity, sedatives, narcotics.
Respiratory Alkalosis (Hypocapnia)
- Primary problem: Low H2CO3.
- Biochemical response: Decreased H2CO3, leading to less buffering by bicarbonate.
- Cells increase lactic acid production (LA + HCO3− ←→ CO2 + H2O): generates CO2.
- Physiological response: Less HCO3− reabsorption and less NH4+ secretion.
- Common causes: Early-phase asthma and anxiety.
Metabolic Acidosis
- Primary problem: Excess non-carbonic acid.
- Sources: Addition via metabolism or loss of alkaline fluid (base).
- Buffering: NaHCO3.
- Physiological response: Increased ventilation and acid excretion.
- Common causes: Diarrhea, ketoacidosis (diabetic).
Metabolic Alkalosis
- Primary problem: Loss of non-carbonic acid or addition of HCO3-.
- Buffering: Occurs in ECF.
- Physiological response: Decreased RR along with less acid excretion from kidneys.
- Common cause: Vomiting (body losing Cl−, HCO3− generated).
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