Acid-Base Chemistry Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic shared by adenine and cytosine?

  • Both are heterocyclic (correct)
  • Both are acidic
  • Both can form multiple non-covalent hydrogen bonds
  • Both are homocyclic

    • What is the pH of a buffer solution where [HA] = [A-]?

  • pH = 7
  • pH = pKa - 1
  • pH = pKa (correct)
  • pH = pKa + 1

    • What is true about triacylglycerols and glycerophospholipids?

  • Both contain fatty acids and are saponifiable (correct)
  • Both contain fatty acids and are homocyclic
  • Both contain fatty acids and are heterocyclic
  • Both contain amino acids and are saponifiable

    • What is the assumption of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about phenol and nitrophenol?

    <p>Phenol is less acidic than nitrophenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are soaps?

    <p>Water-soluble sodium or potassium salts of long-chain fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic shared by purines and pyrimidines?

    <p>Both can form multiple non-covalent hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the oxidation state of a species that is being reduced?

    <p>It becomes more negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a conjugate acid-base pair?

    <p>H3O⁺ and OH⁻</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of mixing H3PO4 and NaH2PO4 in water?

    <p>To produce a buffer solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the buffer capacity of a solution depend on?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times more acidic is a solution with a pH of 4 compared to a solution with a pH of 7?

    <p>100 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a hydrochloric acid solution is added to a solution containing equal concentrations of acetic acid and sodium acetate?

    <p>CH3COO⁻ + H⁺ → CH3COOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assumption does the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation make?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about an acid-base buffer solution is correct?

    <p>It resists changes in pH when an acid or base is added</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules is typical of fatty acids?

    <p>A molecule that has one cis double bond in a linear carbon chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pH measurements?

    <p>To determine the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equilibrium constant for the autoionization of water at 25°C?

    <p>10^-14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for a neutral solution?

    <p>[H3O+] = [OH-]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between pH and pOH in an aqueous solution?

    <p>pH + pOH = 14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main functional group in a fatty acid that makes it an acid?

    <p>Carboxyl group (―COOH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of linkage present in the disaccharide lactose?

    <p>β - 1,4 - Glycosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the phenoxide ion more stable than phenol?

    <p>Due to the delocalization of negative charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a buffer solution?

    <p>It resists changes in pH upon addition of small amounts of acid or base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reaction between butanoic acid and ethanol called?

    <p>Esterification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a buffer solution?

    <p>Borate solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation used for?

    <p>To describe an alkaline buffer system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main product of the reaction between a fatty acid and a base?

    <p>A soap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a fatty acid?

    <p>Having a hydroxyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of reaction that breaks down a fatty acid into its components?

    <p>Hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the formation of a metallic salt of a fatty acid?

    <p>Saponification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lipids is NOT saponifiable?

    <p>Ketone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of membrane lipid contains an acidic oligosaccharide?

    <p>Ganglioside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of both integral and peripheral membrane proteins?

    <p>They both contain regions of α-helices and β-pleated sheets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of catalytic dehydrogenation of primary alcohol?

    <p>An aldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH at which half the amino acid molecules have a +1 charge?

    <p>5.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reaction between propanoic acid and sodium hydroxide?

    <p>Sodium propanoate and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of oxidation of ethanol?

    <p>Ethanal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of acid does NOT exhibit optical isomerism?

    <p>Malic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol?

    <p>Ester and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Weak Bases

    • A weak base is a substance that donates a pair of electrons to form a coordinate bond, but it does not fully dissociate in water.
    • The structure of a weak base differs from antipyrine on the position of the C5-atom.

    Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

    • The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is used to calculate the pH of a solution.
    • The equation is pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]), where pKa is the negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant, [A-] is the concentration of the base, and [HA] is the concentration of the acid.
    • The equation assumes that the concentration of the acid and base are equal.

    pH Calculations

    • The pH of a solution can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
    • For example, the pH of a solution that is 0.30M in ammonia (NH3) and 0.20M in ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) can be calculated using the equation.
    • The pH of a 0.2M HCl solution can also be calculated.

    Characteristics of Compounds

    • Adenine and cytosine are heterocyclic compounds, meaning they have atoms of different elements in their ring structure.
    • Purines and pyrimidines can form multiple non-covalent hydrogen bonds.
    • Soaps are water-soluble sodium or potassium salts of long-chain fatty acids.
    • Triacylglycerols and glycerophospholipids contain fatty acids and are saponifiable.
    • Phenol is less acidic than nitrophenol.

    Buffer Solutions

    • A buffer solution is a solution that resists changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acid or base.
    • Buffer solutions usually consist of a weak acid with its conjugate base or a weak base with its conjugate acid.
    • The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be used to calculate the pH of a buffer solution.
    • The capacity of a buffer to neutralize added acid or base depends on the concentrations of HA and A- in solution.
    • A buffer solution can be made by mixing H3PO4 and NaH2PO4.

    Acid-Base Reactions

    • The pH of a solution can be affected by the addition of acid or base.
    • A solution with a pH of 3 is 1000 times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 6.
    • The reaction of hydrochloric acid with a solution containing equal concentrations of acetic acid and sodium acetate results in the formation of CH3COOH.
    • Aldehydes readily undergo oxidation, while ketones are resistant to mild oxidation.

    Lipids

    • Fatty acids are molecules that have a straight chain of an even number of carbon atoms, with hydrogen atoms along the length of the chain and a carboxyl group at one end.
    • Triacylglycerols are formed by linking fatty acids with an ester linkage to three alcohol groups in glycerol.
    • Saponification is the formation of a metallic salt of a fatty acid, and it involves the treatment of free fatty acids and/or glycerides with a base.
    • Ganglioside is a type of membrane lipid that contains an acidic oligosaccharide.

    Amino Acids

    • At pH 5.5, half of the amino acid molecules have a +1 charge.
    • The chemical formula of citric acid includes the groups COOH and OH.

    Aldehydes and Ketones

    • Secondary alcohols can be oxidized to form ketones.
    • Aldehydes can be reduced to form primary alcohols.
    • Catalytic dehydrogenation of primary alcohols gives an aldehyde.

    Autoionization of Water

    • Water can undergo autoionization to form H3O+ and OH ions.
    • The equilibrium constant for the autoionization of water, Kw, is 10-14 at 25°C.
    • In a neutral solution, [H3O+] = [OH-].
    • In an acidic solution, [H3O+] > [OH-].
    • In a basic solution, [OH-] > [H3O+].

    pH Measurements

    • pH can be measured using pH paper, pH meters, or quantitative measures of acidity or basicity.
    • pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

    Buffer Capacity

    • The buffer capacity of a solution depends on the concentrations of HA and A- in solution.
    • A buffer solution can be made by mixing H3PO4 and NaH2PO4.
    • The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be used to calculate the pH of a buffer solution.

    Other

    • The structural formula of lactose includes a β-1,4-glycosidic bond.
    • Ethanol can be converted to ethanal by oxidation.
    • The reaction of propanoic acid and sodium hydroxide produces sodium propanoate and water.
    • The products of a reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol are an ester and water.
    • Malic acid does not exhibit optical isomerism.

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