Acid-Base Chemistry Quiz

<p>Contains sodium ions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ammonia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kidney (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood proteins are crucial for maintaining blood pH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A decrease in pH indicates an increase in [H+] (A), A change of 1 pH unit represents a 10-fold change in [H+] (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ten-fold increase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pH 7.0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A 1-year-old child (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood type (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2:1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water content is highest in the aged. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood plasma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute (uncompensated) respiratory acidosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute (uncompensated) metabolic alkalosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Partially compensated metabolic acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive vomiting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased renal reabsorption of bicarbonate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory Acidosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory alkalosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining a normal pH level. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrostatic pressure within the tissue space. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solubility increases as temperature increases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Postoperative iatrogenic causes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solubility remains constant with increasing pressure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solubility decreases with increasing temperature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased arterial PCO2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoxemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central nervous system depression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanical hyperventilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convulsions (A), Dizziness (C), Paresthesia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal excretion of HCO3- (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is characterized by an increase in blood pH. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central nervous system depression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An open system features molecules that leave the system, while a closed system only contains molecules that remain within (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has a higher capacity than any other buffer system due to its open nature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A failure of the lungs to eliminate CO2 at a sufficient rate to match the body's production. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HCO3– and H2CO3 only (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All components of the acid-base reaction remain within the system, preventing their loss. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They release more H+ ions, resulting in a rise in pH. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its chemical reactions are extremely rapid, making it an efficient buffer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As pH increases, the [H+] decreases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A solution with 1 mol of solute per liter of solution.

A solution that contains 1 gEq of solute per liter.

Adjusting concentration by adding solvent.

An acid is a proton (H+) donor.

A base is any compound that accepts a proton.

Examples include ammonia and carbonates.

Ammonia is important in renal acid excretion.

Proteins composed of amino acids, not fatty acids.

pH is the negative logarithm of H+ ion concentration.

A solution with a pH of 7.0 is neutral, like pure water.

A change in pH of 0.3 units equals a two-fold change in H+ concentration.

Water constitutes 45% to 80% of an individual's body weight, depending on weight, sex, and age.

Intracellular water accounts for approximately two-thirds of total body water.

Extracellular water is the remaining one-third of total body water outside cells.

Water content is highest in infants and decreases with age.

A drop in pH from 7.40 to 7.10 increases H+ concentration significantly.

Most solids dissolve better in higher temperatures; gases do worse.

Gas solubility in liquids increases with higher pressure.

The amount of solute or solvent affects how much dissolves.

Fluid movement across capillaries is affected by hydrostatic and oncotic pressures.

Pressure created by proteins in a solution that pulls water into the vessel.

Common causes include postoperative issues and water intoxication.

To maintain normal pH in body fluids.

The pressure exerted by fluids within vessels that drives filtration.

A buffer system that can exchange components with the external environment.

A buffer system where all components remain within the system and do not exchange with the environment.

Bicarbonate has the greatest buffering capacity among buffer systems due to its open nature.

Hyperventilation causes closed buffer systems to release more H+ ions due to increased CO2 removal.

[H+] can be determined by the ratio of H2CO3 to HCO3– and inorganic phosphorus levels.

Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is volatile and can easily convert to CO2 for removal from the body.

Lungs must effectively excrete CO2 to maintain acid-base balance in the bicarbonate system.

Acids that cannot be easily removed from the body and thus affect buffer efficiency if accumulated.

A condition resulting from lowered arterial PCO2, causing increased blood pH.

Hypoxemia, or low arterial PO2, often leads to hyperventilation.

Includes anxiety, hypoxemia, central nervous system injuries, and pain.

Respiratory alkalosis caused by medical treatment, commonly during mechanical ventilation.

Common symptoms include paresthesia, dizziness, and convulsions.

The kidneys compensate by excreting bicarbonate (HCO3–) in urine.

Can cause dizziness, hyperactive reflexes, and convulsions.

Kidneys excrete bicarbonate to lower blood pH and stabilize acid-base balance.

pH, PCO2, and HCO3– within normal limits indicate normal acid-base status.

High pH with elevated HCO3– and normal PCO2 indicates acute metabolic alkalosis.

Normal pH with low PCO2 and low HCO3– indicates fully compensated respiratory alkalosis.

Acidosis with compensation shown by low HCO3–, low PCO2, and low pH.

A condition where the blood pH is below 7.35, indicating increased H+ concentration.

Excess CO2 due to respiratory failure leading to a low pH.

Decreased HCO3– and low pH indicating an excess of acid or loss of base.

Body's response to restore pH balance via respiratory or metabolic changes.