Acid-Base Balance Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does the Oxy-Hgb Dissociation Curve illustrate?

  • Hemoglobin structure
  • Concentration gradients of CO2 and O2
  • Electrostatic reactions
  • Trends in O2 binding with Hemoglobin (correct)

    • Which condition leads to a rightward shift in the Oxy-Hgb Dissociation Curve?

  • Hypothermia
  • Acidosis (correct)
  • Alkalosis
  • Hyperthermia

    • What does Base Excess represent?

  • Amount of acid or alkali that must be added to 1L of blood to return the sample to a pH 7.40 (correct)
  • Oxygen saturation in the blood
  • Hemoglobin concentration in the blood
  • Concentration of CO2 in the blood

    • What is the recommended maximum rate for NaHCO3 administration?

    <p>1 mEq/kg/hr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the effects of IV NaHCO3 administration?

    <p>Increased levels of CO2 due to shift in carbonic anhydrase reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Base Excess of +2 suggest?

    <p>Metabolic alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the systemic effects of acidemia?

    <p>Myocardial Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the factors that cause a leftward shift in the Oxy-Hgb Dissociation Curve?

    <p>Alkalosis, Hypothermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Arrhenius definition of acids and bases?

    <p>Acids dissociate to produce hydrogen ions; bases dissociate to produce hydroxyl ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation used to describe?

    <p>The mathematical relationship of pH due to pKa and solute concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the equilibrium constant (K) predict?

    <p>The point of equal molar concentrations between product and reactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH scale range and its significance?

    <p>The pH scale ranges from 1 to 14; 7 is neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Lewis approach define acids and bases as?

    <p>Acids are acceptors of electrons; bases are donors of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the pKa/pKb represent?

    <p>The -log of Ka/Kb; lower value indicates a strong acid/base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Boston Approach related to?

    <p>Related the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to clinical practice of predicting acid-base disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the pH represent?

    <p>The negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of an acid-base reaction?

    <p>To reach neutralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary emphasis of Stewart's Physicochemical Approach in determining pH?

    <p>Variables PaCO2, Atot, and SID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Strong Ion Difference (SID) defined as?

    <p>Balance of measurable cations and anions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Total Amount of Weak Acid (Atot) include?

    <p>Non-bicarbonate buffers like albumin and phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the dissociation of water explained?

    <p>As an amphiprotic species that acts as an acid or base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What imposes the acid-base load?

    <p>Diet, metabolic processes, cellular shifts, and iatrogenic interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three primary systems to maintain acid-base balance?

    <p>Buffer System, Lungs, and Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does chemical buffering involve?

    <p>Solutions that resist shifts in pH due to addition of acid or base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the bicarbonate buffer system?

    <p>To resist sudden changes in pH by converting strong bases to weak bases and vice versa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for assessing acid-base disorders?

    <p>Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by low PaCO2 and high pH?

    <p>Respiratory alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can help identify metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Calculation of the anion gap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of the difference between major cations and anions?

    <p>Anion gap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes respiratory acidosis?

    <p>High PaCO2 and low pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What helps identify additional acid-base disorders?

    <p>Delta gap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characterized by high HCO3 and high pH?

    <p>Metabolic alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What equation helps in assessing hypoxemia?

    <p>Alveolar gas equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characterized by low HCO3 and low pH?

    <p>Metabolic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What helps in evaluating hypoxemia-related pathology?

    <p>A-a oxygen gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What equation can help identify hypoxemia-related issues?

    <p>Alveolar gas equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for assessing acute respiratory derangements?

    <p>PaCO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Understanding Acid-Base Balance in the Body

    • S is the solubility coefficient of CO2 = 0.03 Eq
    • Acid-base balance concepts introduced by Siggaard/Andersen in the 1950s
    • Anion Gap Approach introduced by Emmett/Narins in 1977 to evaluate acid-base balance
    • Stewart Model introduced in 1983 based on the law of electroneutrality, dilution, and conservation of mass
    • Stewart's Physicochemical Approach emphasizes the role of variables PaCO2, Atot, and SID in determining pH
    • Strong Ion Difference (SID) defined as the balance of measurable cations and anions
    • Total Amount of Weak Acid (Atot) includes non-bicarbonate buffers like albumin and phosphate
    • Dissociation of Water explained as an amphiprotic species that acts as an acid or base
    • Acid-base load is imposed via diet, metabolic processes, cellular shifts, and iatrogenic interventions
    • Three primary systems to maintain acid-base balance: Buffer System, Lungs, and Kidneys
    • Chemical buffering involves solutions that resist shifts in pH due to addition of acid or base
    • Bicarbonate buffer system works to resist sudden changes in pH by converting strong bases to weak bases and vice versa

    Understanding Acid-Base Disorders

    • Acid-base disorders are assessed through arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis
    • Differentiating between respiratory and metabolic acid-base disorders is crucial
    • Calculation of the anion gap can help identify metabolic acidosis
    • Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by low PaCO2 and high pH
    • Respiratory acidosis is characterized by high PaCO2 and low pH
    • Acute and chronic respiratory derangements have different effects on pH
    • Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by high HCO3 and high pH
    • Metabolic acidosis is characterized by low HCO3 and low pH
    • Anion gap is a measure of the difference between major cations and anions
    • The delta gap helps identify additional acid-base disorders
    • Alveolar gas equation helps in assessing hypoxemia
    • The A-a oxygen gradient is calculated to determine hypoxemia-related pathology

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    Related Documents

    SS ABG Analysis - Fall23.pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge of acid-base balance and disorders with this quiz. From the Stewart Model to arterial blood gas analysis, challenge yourself with questions on solubility coefficients, anion gap, respiratory and metabolic acid-base disorders, and more.

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