Acid-Base Balance and Disorders
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Questions and Answers

Hemoglobin and albumin are proteins that act as pH buffers in the body.

True (A)

Which of the following is NOT a cause of respiratory acidosis?

  • Hyperventilation (correct)
  • Hypoventilation
  • Lung problems
  • Muscle weakness

    • What are the two primary organs involved in regulating pH balance in the body?

    Lungs and kidneys

    The __________ equation describes the relationship between bicarbonate and carbonic acid, which plays a crucial role in pH balance.

    <p>Bicarbonate/Carbonic Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following symptoms with the correct acid-base imbalance:

    <p>Headache = Respiratory Acidosis Feeling dizzy = Respiratory Alkalosis Feeling tired = Metabolic Acidosis Confusion = Both Respiratory Acidosis and Metabolic Acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Hyperventilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range of normal blood?

    <p>7.35 - 7.45 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anion gap is a calculation used to help diagnose metabolic alkalosis.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way the kidneys contribute to regulating pH balance?

    <p>The kidneys regulate the levels of H+ (acid) and HCO3- (base) in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acidosis occurs when the pH of the blood is below 7.35.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for the condition where the blood pH is too high?

    <p>Alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ system helps regulate pH by eliminating excess CO2 through breathing.

    <p>respiratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their respective roles in acid-base balance:

    <p>PCO2 = Indicates the amount of CO2 in the blood HCO3- = Metabolic component, a base that neutralizes acids BE = Estimates the amount of acid or base needed to restore normal blood pH pH = Overall measure of blood acidity or alkalinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way the body regulates pH?

    <p>Producing hormones to regulate pH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteins in the blood can act as buffers, helping to maintain pH balance.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of acid-base disorders?

    <p>Respiratory and metabolic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Acid-Base Balance

    The body's need to maintain a proper level of acids and bases for metabolic activities.

    pH Scale

    A scale measuring acidity or alkalinity from 0 to 14, with 7 as neutral.

    Normal Blood pH Range

    The ideal pH level of blood is between 7.35 and 7.45.

    Acidosis

    A condition where pH falls below 7.35, indicating excess acid.

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    Alkalosis

    A condition where pH rises above 7.45, indicating excess base.

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    Respiratory Component

    CO2 highly affects blood pH levels, stemming from breathing activities.

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    Metabolic Component

    HCO3- helps neutralize excess acids in the blood.

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    Body's pH Regulation Methods

    The body regulates pH by creating/neutralizing acids and bases, and eliminating them.

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    Hemoglobin and albumin

    Proteins that help regulate pH in the body by removing acids like CO2.

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    Amphoteric Nature

    Proteins can function as either an acid or a base to maintain pH balance.

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    Respiratory Acidosis

    A condition caused by insufficient breathing, leading to CO2 buildup.

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    Respiratory Alkalosis

    A condition caused by excessive breathing, resulting in CO2 loss.

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    Metabolic Acidosis

    An imbalance caused by too much acid or not enough base in the body.

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    Bicarbonate/Carbonic Acid Equation

    H+ + HCO3- ↔ H2CO3 ↔ CO2 + H2O; shows how acids and bases convert.

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    H+/K+ Exchange

    When excess H+ ions enter cells, K+ moves out, balancing pH.

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    Anion Gap

    A calculation used to identify the cause of metabolic acidosis.

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    Study Notes

    Acid-Base Balance

    • The body maintains a precise balance between acids and bases for proper functioning.
    • This balance is vital for all metabolic activities.
    • pH measures acidity or alkalinity.
    • The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
    • A pH of 7 is neutral (like pure water).
    • A pH less than 7 indicates acidity.
    • A pH greater than 7 indicates alkalinity.
    • Normal blood pH is between 7.35 and 7.45.

    Acidosis and Alkalosis

    • Acidosis (too much acid):
      • Increased hydrogen ions (H+) lower the pH.
      • Low pH (below 7.35) indicates acidosis.
    • Alkalosis (too much base):
      • Decreased hydrogen ions (H+) raise the pH.
      • High pH (above 7.45) indicates alkalosis.

    pH Levels and Disorders

    • Extreme pH (below 6.8 or above 7.8) is harmful and potentially life-threatening.
    • Acid-base imbalances can be:
      • Respiratory – caused by issues with breathing and handling carbon dioxide (CO2).
      • Metabolic – caused by problems with other body functions, like kidney function.

    Measuring Components

    • PCO2: Measures carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood. Normal range is 35–45 mm Hg.
    • HCO3-: Measures bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels in the blood. Normal range is 22–26 mEq/L.

    Diagnosing Disorders

    • Testing blood gases (ABGs) determine pH, PCO2, and HCO3- levels.
    • This helps determine if the issue is respiratory or metabolic.

    Acid-Base Regulation in the Body

    • The body maintains pH balance through:
      • Buffers: substances that moderate pH changes. Examples include proteins, hemoglobin, and albumin.
      • Lungs: remove CO2.
      • Kidneys: excrete excess acids or bases.

    Respiratory Acid-Base Problems

    • Respiratory Acidosis:
      • Slow breathing, holding CO2.
      • Conditions like pneumonia, COPD, muscle weakness.
      • Symptoms include headache, confusion, sleepiness.
    • Respiratory Alkalosis:
      • Fast breathing, losing CO2.
      • Causes include hyperventilation (fast breathing), anxiety.

    Metabolic Acid-Base Problems

    • Metabolic Acidosis:
      • Causes include making too much acid (like lactic acid from exercise, ketoacidosis in diabetes), or kidneys not removing enough acid or losing bicarbonate.
      • Symptoms include tiredness, confusion, rapid breathing, potential heart problems.
    • Metabolic Alkalosis:
      • Causes include losing significant amounts of acid (vomiting, using certain medications).
      • Symptoms include muscle cramps, dizziness, confusion.

    Compensation Mechanisms

    • The body uses compensation mechanisms, involving lungs and kidneys, to maintain blood pH near the normal range.
    • Not all imbalances are compensated.

    Mixed Acid-Base Imbalances

    • Combining respiratory and metabolic problems.
    • Potentially serious, occurring in critical illnesses like cardiac arrest

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    Related Documents

    Acid-Base Balance PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the vital concepts of acid-base balance in the body, focusing on pH levels and the significance of maintaining a proper pH range for metabolic functions. It also covers the conditions of acidosis and alkalosis, their causes, and the potential dangers of extreme pH levels.

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