Acid-Base Balance Quiz

7.4

7.35 - 7.45

<p>Hyperventilation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bicarbonate concentration and PCO₂ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbonic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It secretes H+ into the tubular lumen and reabsorbs Na+ into the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoventilation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ketones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased PCO₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The measurement of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, expressed on a logarithmic scale.

A state where the body fluids are more acidic than normal, with a pH below 7.35.

A state where the body fluids are more alkaline than normal, with a pH above 7.45.

The ability of a substance to resist changes in pH when acid or base is added.

The most important buffer in the extracellular fluid (ECF), consisting of bicarbonate (HCO3-) and carbonic acid (H2CO3).

A buffer system less important in body fluids but plays a major role in renal tubular fluid and within cells.

A buffer system crucial for establishing urine pH, primarily involving ammonia (NH3).

Proteins, primarily located within cells, contribute significantly to the overall buffering capacity of the body fluids.

Red blood cells (RBCs) utilize hemoglobin as a buffer, allowing them to transport CO2 and regulate blood pH.

The ability of the lungs to regulate the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco2) in the blood, which is a major component of the bicarbonate buffer system.

The ability of the kidneys to excrete hydrogen ions (H+) and reabsorb bicarbonate (HCO3-), playing a crucial role in maintaining acid-base balance.

A mathematical equation that describes the relationship between pH, bicarbonate concentration (HCO3-), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco2).

A condition characterized by a primary decrease in pH, accompanied by an increase in Pco2 and H+ concentration.

A condition characterized by a primary increase in pH, accompanied by a decrease in Pco2 and H+ concentration.

A condition characterized by a primary decrease in pH, accompanied by a decrease in HCO3- concentration.

A condition characterized by a primary increase in pH, accompanied by an increase in HCO3- concentration.

The process by which the body compensates for acid-base imbalances by adjusting the pH of body fluids.

The ability of the respiratory system to partially adjust for metabolic acid-base disorders by modifying breathing rate and depth.

The ability of the kidneys to partially adjust for respiratory acid-base disorders by altering bicarbonate reabsorption and H+ secretion.

A situation where two or more independent acid-base disorders are present simultaneously, leading to complex acid-base disturbances.

A condition characterized by a decreased ability of the kidneys to excrete acids and reabsorb bicarbonate, often leading to metabolic acidosis.

A condition where an individual's diet predominantly features protein, often leading to a net addition of acid to the body and an upregulation of ammonium production to increase H+ excretion.

A disturbance in potassium (K+) balance can frequently accompany acid-base disorders, as K+ shifts between the intracellular and extracellular compartments in response to changes in pH.

Metabolic acidosis can lead to hyperkalemia, as H+ ions accumulate in cells, causing K+ ions to move out into the extracellular fluid to maintain electrical neutrality.

Metabolic alkalosis can cause hypokalemia, as H+ ions are shifted out of cells, leading to K+ ions moving into the cells to balance charges.

Hypokalemia can stimulate ammonia (NH3) production in the kidneys, which increases H+ secretion and bicarbonate (HCO3-) reabsorption, potentially leading to metabolic alkalosis.

Hyperkalemia can impair ammonium (NH4+) reabsorption in the kidneys, decreasing the rate of net renal acid secretion and potentially contributing to metabolic acidosis.