Achievement Theory (David McClelland)
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory and McClelland's Achievement Theory?

  • Maslow identified 5 categories of needs while McClelland identified 3 types of needs. (correct)
  • Maslow's theory is based on individual achievement, while McClelland's theory is based on group affiliation.
  • Maslow emphasized the need for affiliation, while McClelland emphasized the need for power.
  • Maslow focused on cultural influences, while McClelland focused on age and gender.

    • Which type of need motivates individuals to achieve their goals in life according to McClelland's Achievement Theory?

  • Need for Achievement (correct)
  • Need for Control
  • Need for Power
  • Need for Affiliation

    • According to McClelland, individuals who seek to dominate or influence others fall under which category of needs?

  • Need for Affiliation
  • Need for Control
  • Need for Achievement
  • Need for Power (correct)

    • How does McClelland suggest that the dominating need in an individual is influenced?

    <p>By cultural and lifestyle factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory was a significant influence on McClelland's Achievement Theory?

    <p>Hierarchy of Needs Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory suggest?

    <p>People have a number of basic needs that must be met before moving up the hierarchy to pursue more social, emotional, and self-actualizing needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Maslow, why must survival needs be satisfied before higher needs?

    <p>Higher needs are more difficult to satisfy due to interpersonal and environmental barriers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does drive-reduction theory propose as the primary motivation behind human behavior?

    <p>Reducing drives such as hunger, thirst, and the need for warmth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'drive' according to drive-reduction theory?

    <p>A state of arousal or discomfort triggered by physiological or biological needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do higher needs differ from lower survival-related needs in Maslow's hierarchy?

    <p>Higher needs are more psychological and long-term, while lower needs are physiological and short-term.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that makes satisfying higher-level needs challenging in Maslow's hierarchy?

    <p>Interpersonal and environmental barriers that frustrate individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory is based on the idea of homeostasis, where the body actively works to maintain a state of balance or equilibrium?

    <p>Drive-reduction theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four primary sources of influence that contribute to the development of a person's belief in their efficacy, according to Bandura?

    <p>Social persuasion, emotional states, vicarious experiences, mastery experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory emphasizes a person's ability to make choices and manage their own life?

    <p>Self-Determination Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does self-efficacy refer to in the context of Bandura's theory?

    <p>A person's belief in their ability to succeed in a particular situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that individuals seek out ways to satisfy their biological needs to reduce tension?

    <p>Drive-reduction theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Self-Determination Theory, what does being self-determined entail?

    <p>Feeling in greater control and able to make choices independently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Achievement Theory (David McClelland)

    • Influenced by Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
    • Three types of needs that drive individuals:
    • Need for Achievement: motivation to achieve goals in life
    • Need for Power: desire to dominate or influence others
    • Need for Affiliation: importance of social relationships and group membership

    Hierarchy of Needs (Abraham Maslow)

    • Human needs arranged in a hierarchy, with physiological needs at the bottom and self-actualization needs at the top
    • Physiological needs must be met before pursuing higher needs
    • Higher needs are more difficult to satisfy due to interpersonal and environmental barriers
    • Higher needs become increasingly psychological and long-term, rather than physiological and short-term

    Drive Theory (Clark Hull)

    • Drive-reduction theory: primary motivation is to reduce drives (states of arousal or discomfort)
    • Drives triggered by physiological or biological needs (e.g., hunger, thirst, need for warmth)
    • Behavior is motivated by reducing tension and satisfying biological needs
    • Based on the concept of homeostasis (maintaining balance or equilibrium)

    Self-Efficacy Theory (Albert Bandura)

    • Self-efficacy: a person's belief in their ability to succeed in a particular situation
    • Developed by four primary sources of influence:
    • Mastery experiences
    • Vicarious experiences
    • Social persuasion
    • Emotional states
    • High self-efficacy has benefits such as resilience, healthy lifestyle habits, and improved performance

    Self-Determination Theory (Richard M. Ryan and Edward L. Deci)

    • Self-determination: ability to make choices and manage one's own life
    • Feeling in greater control, as opposed to being non-self-determined and feeling controlled by others

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    Description

    Explore the key concepts of David McClelland's Achievement Theory, which identifies 3 types of needs that drive individuals, influenced by culture and lifestyle. Compare this theory to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and understand how each need impacts behavior.

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