17 Questions
What is the main difference between Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory and McClelland's Achievement Theory?
Maslow identified 5 categories of needs while McClelland identified 3 types of needs.
Which type of need motivates individuals to achieve their goals in life according to McClelland's Achievement Theory?
Need for Achievement
According to McClelland, individuals who seek to dominate or influence others fall under which category of needs?
Need for Power
How does McClelland suggest that the dominating need in an individual is influenced?
By cultural and lifestyle factors
Which theory was a significant influence on McClelland's Achievement Theory?
Hierarchy of Needs Theory
What did Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory suggest?
People have a number of basic needs that must be met before moving up the hierarchy to pursue more social, emotional, and self-actualizing needs.
According to Maslow, why must survival needs be satisfied before higher needs?
Higher needs are more difficult to satisfy due to interpersonal and environmental barriers.
What does drive-reduction theory propose as the primary motivation behind human behavior?
Reducing drives such as hunger, thirst, and the need for warmth.
What is a 'drive' according to drive-reduction theory?
A state of arousal or discomfort triggered by physiological or biological needs.
How do higher needs differ from lower survival-related needs in Maslow's hierarchy?
Higher needs are more psychological and long-term, while lower needs are physiological and short-term.
What is the main factor that makes satisfying higher-level needs challenging in Maslow's hierarchy?
Interpersonal and environmental barriers that frustrate individuals.
Which theory is based on the idea of homeostasis, where the body actively works to maintain a state of balance or equilibrium?
Drive-reduction theory
What are the four primary sources of influence that contribute to the development of a person's belief in their efficacy, according to Bandura?
Social persuasion, emotional states, vicarious experiences, mastery experiences
Which theory emphasizes a person's ability to make choices and manage their own life?
Self-Determination Theory
What does self-efficacy refer to in the context of Bandura's theory?
A person's belief in their ability to succeed in a particular situation
Which theory suggests that individuals seek out ways to satisfy their biological needs to reduce tension?
Drive-reduction theory
According to Self-Determination Theory, what does being self-determined entail?
Feeling in greater control and able to make choices independently
Study Notes
Achievement Theory (David McClelland)
- Influenced by Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
- Three types of needs that drive individuals:
- Need for Achievement: motivation to achieve goals in life
- Need for Power: desire to dominate or influence others
- Need for Affiliation: importance of social relationships and group membership
Hierarchy of Needs (Abraham Maslow)
- Human needs arranged in a hierarchy, with physiological needs at the bottom and self-actualization needs at the top
- Physiological needs must be met before pursuing higher needs
- Higher needs are more difficult to satisfy due to interpersonal and environmental barriers
- Higher needs become increasingly psychological and long-term, rather than physiological and short-term
Drive Theory (Clark Hull)
- Drive-reduction theory: primary motivation is to reduce drives (states of arousal or discomfort)
- Drives triggered by physiological or biological needs (e.g., hunger, thirst, need for warmth)
- Behavior is motivated by reducing tension and satisfying biological needs
- Based on the concept of homeostasis (maintaining balance or equilibrium)
Self-Efficacy Theory (Albert Bandura)
- Self-efficacy: a person's belief in their ability to succeed in a particular situation
- Developed by four primary sources of influence:
- Mastery experiences
- Vicarious experiences
- Social persuasion
- Emotional states
- High self-efficacy has benefits such as resilience, healthy lifestyle habits, and improved performance
Self-Determination Theory (Richard M. Ryan and Edward L. Deci)
- Self-determination: ability to make choices and manage one's own life
- Feeling in greater control, as opposed to being non-self-determined and feeling controlled by others
Explore the key concepts of David McClelland's Achievement Theory, which identifies 3 types of needs that drive individuals, influenced by culture and lifestyle. Compare this theory to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and understand how each need impacts behavior.
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