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Psychological Tests
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Psychological Tests

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT)?

  • To measure an individual's intelligence level.
  • To evaluate an individual's personality traits.
  • To assess and monitor reading, spelling, and math skills and identify possible learning disabilities. (correct)
  • To diagnose mental health disorders.

    • What is the age range for which the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT) is designed?

  • 5-85+ years old (correct)
  • 18-65 years old
  • 3-12 years old
  • 5-18 years old

    • What is the main difference between an achievement test and an intelligence test?

  • An achievement test measures cognitive abilities, while an intelligence test measures personality traits.
  • An achievement test measures academic achievement, while an intelligence test measures innate ability. (correct)
  • An achievement test measures personality traits, while an intelligence test measures cognitive abilities.
  • An achievement test measures intelligence, while an intelligence test measures academic achievement.

    • How many versions of the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT) have been published?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to assist professionals in inferring children's cognitive developmental levels?

    <p>Draw-a-Person (DAP) Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time limit for the Sachs Sentence Completion Test (SSCT)?

    <p>20-40 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is measured by the Purpose in Life Tests—Part B (Sentence Completion)?

    <p>An active, emotionally stable, goal-oriented, positive direction of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target population for the House-Tree-Person (HTP) Test?

    <p>3 and above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Draw-a-Person (DAP) Test?

    <p>To assist professionals in inferring children's cognitive developmental levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is measured by the Sachs Sentence Completion Test (SSCT)?

    <p>Attitudes towards family, sex, and self-concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time limit for the Purpose in Life Tests—Part B (Sentence Completion)?

    <p>Untimed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Flanagan Test?

    <p>To help employers select potential employees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tests is used to assess normal personality?

    <p>NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time limit for the Flanagan Test?

    <p>5-15 minutes per test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)?

    <p>To help people understand personality differences in the general population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the validity scale used to identify respondents claiming uncommon virtues and/or denying common faults?

    <p>Positive Presentation Management (PPM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the test that measures aspects such as Arithmetic, Assembly, and Coordination?

    <p>Flanagan Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the personality trait that assesses the degree of organization, persistence, control, motivation in goal-directed behavior?

    <p>Conscientiousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the test that has a self-report format called Form S?

    <p>NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Kinetic Family Drawing (KFD) Test?

    <p>To assess the child's cognitive, interpersonal, or psychological functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to measure associative/semantic memory structures and verbal fluency?

    <p>Word Association Test (WAT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities?

    <p>To identify learning problems and individual strengths and weaknesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tests measures oral language, scholastic aptitude, and overall cognitive skills?

    <p>Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target population for the Scenotest?

    <p>All ages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary domain measured by the Synthetic house-tree-person (S-HTP) test?

    <p>Complex personality traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the test battery used to measure math and reading proficiency?

    <p>Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test has no specified time limit?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tests is used to provide a marker for measuring individual year-to-year progress?

    <p>Otis-Lennon School Ability Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target population for the Otis-Lennon School Ability Test?

    <p>Kindergarten-Grade 12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Word Association Test (WAT)?

    <p>To diagnose psychological typology and psychopathology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to gain insight into unconscious problems and personality structure?

    <p>Scenotest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the test that measures aspects of 7 different broad CHC abilities?

    <p>Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tests is used to assess language proficiency?

    <p>Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Oral Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Family Drawing.Test (FDT)?

    <p>To assess the child's cognitive, interpersonal, or psychological functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities and the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement?

    <p>One measures aptitude, while the other measures achievement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The RISB-2 is a version of the Rafferty test.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Sachs Sentence Completion Test (SSCT) measures aspects of an individual's life, including Family, Sex, and Self-concept.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Purpose in Life Tests—Part B (Sentence Completion) is used to measure a general sense of meaning and purpose in life.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Draw-a-Person (DAP) Test is used to assist professionals in inferring children's cognitive developmental levels.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The House-Tree-Person (HTP) Test measures aspects of a person's personality through interpretation of drawings and responses to questions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Rafferty test is used to screen for adjustment problems and facilitate case conceptualization and diagnosis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Sachs Sentence Completion Test (SSCT) takes 20-40 minutes to complete.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Purpose in Life Tests—Part B (Sentence Completion) usually takes less than 15 minutes to complete.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Draw-a-Person (DAP) Test is used to measure intellectual maturation in children.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The House-Tree-Person (HTP) Test is used with individuals aged 3 and above.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities?

    <p>To identify learning problems and individual strengths and weaknesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target population for the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities?

    <p>Ages 2-90+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the test battery used to measure math and reading proficiency and compare academic achievement?

    <p>Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Otis-Lennon School Ability Test?

    <p>To provide a marker for measuring individual year-to-year progress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target population for the Otis-Lennon School Ability Test?

    <p>Kindergarten-Grade 12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the test that measures aspects of 7 different broad CHC abilities?

    <p>Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary domain measured by the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities?

    <p>Oral language, scholastic aptitude, and overall cognitive skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the test battery used to assess language proficiency?

    <p>Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Oral Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time limit for each subtest of the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities?

    <p>5-10 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many versions of the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities have been published?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test measures the 'Big Five' factors of personality?

    <p>NEO-PI-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of score is used in the MMPI-2?

    <p>T-scores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)?

    <p>Assess personality through story-telling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scale is used in the NEO PI-3 to refer to extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience?

    <p>Neuroticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a global factor for 16PF?

    <p>Liveliness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What individual difference framework does the MBTI use?

    <p>Carl Jung's psychological-type framework</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The MMPI-2 is used to measure both clinical and non-clinical populations. What is its primary function?

    <p>Identify personality and sources of personal strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Rorschach Inkblot Test is primarily used for diagnosing which condition?

    <p>Schizophrenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test assesses intelligence and cognitive ability in children and adults but is not designed for diagnosis of learning disabilities?

    <p>SB11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Purdue Non-Language Test (PNLT) designed for?

    <p>Test ability to learn without cultural bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the tests with their descriptions:

    <p>NEO-PI-3 = Measures the 'Big Five' factors of personality: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience. MBTI = Based on Carl Jung's psychological-type framework, helps individuals understand personality preferences. Rorschach Inkblot Test = Respondents describe what they see in ambiguous pictures, previously used to diagnose mental illnesses. Thematic Apperception Test = A projective test where individuals tell a story about standard pictures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the MMPI-2 related terms with their descriptions:

    <p>T-scores = MMPI-2 standardized score. MMPI-2 = Personality inventory for clinical and non-clinical populations. MAC &amp; MAC-R = MMPI-2 variables thought to underlie alcoholism. Level B = MMPI-2 level for psychologists and psychologists only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of tests with their focus:

    <p>Addiction Acknowledgement Scale = Measures probability of group success in a short time. Purdue Non-Language Test (PNLT) = A culture-fair test to measure ability to learn in given contexts. SB11 = Assesses intelligence and cognitive ability in children and adults. Non-directive Personality Test = Determines capacity to handle challenges associated with certain programs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the tests with their uses or descriptions:

    <p>Thematic Apperception Test = Standard series of eight pictures used to tell a story. 16PF = Test used for individual assessment. Rorschach Inkblot Test = Fixed set of ambiguous pictures used for description. MBTI = Helps relate and deal with others based on personality preferences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the test scales with their descriptions:

    <p>Neuroticism = Refers to emotional instability and negative emotions. Extraversion = Relates to sociability and outgoingness. Agreeableness = Measures kindness and social consensus. Conscientiousness = Deals with organization and dependability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the statistical tests with their descriptions:

    <p>ANOVA 1-way = Measures variance among groups, ordinal scale. Mann Whitney U Test = Compares differences between two independent groups, ordinal scale. Spearman Rho = Measures rank-order correlation between two variables. T-test = Compares means between two groups, interval scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Valid test = Always reliable. Projective test = Respondents project their perceptions onto stimuli. Objective test = Structured with fixed responses. Norm-referenced test = Compared to a normative sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of personality tests with their descriptions:

    <p>16PF = Assesses multiple personality traits and factors. MMPI-2 = Used for clinical assessment of mental disorders. MBTI = Identifies personality types based on preferences. Rorschach Inkblot Test = Analyzes perception of ambiguous stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the psychologists' roles with their descriptions:

    <p>Administering Level A tests = Can conduct basic tests for general use. Administering Level B tests = Requires some specialized psychological knowledge. Administering Level C tests = Requires advanced psychological training. All levels = Can administer all types of tests from Level A to Level C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the test names with their primary usage:

    <p>NEO-PI-3 = Measures personality domains: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. 16PF = Measures global factors and personality traits. MMPI-2 = Differentiates normal from abnormal personality patterns. Purdue Non-Language Test (PNLT) = Culture-fair measure of learning ability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ability Tests

    • Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT):
    • Target population: ages 5-85+
    • Purpose: assess and monitor reading, spelling, and math skills, and identify learning disabilities
    • Factors measured: Word Reading, Sentence Comprehension, Spelling, and Math Computation
    • Time Limit: 15-45 minutes
    • Versions: Original- 1941 (WRAT-1), Latest- 2017 (WRAT-5)

    Intelligence Tests

    • Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test-5:
    • Target population: college-bound high school juniors and seniors, and adults in personnel selection programs
    • Purpose: used for selection, placement, reassignment, and vocational counseling
    • Domains measured: Arithmetic, Assembly, Components, Coordination, Electronics, Expression, Ingenuity, Inspection, Judgment and Comprehension, Mathematics and Reasoning, Mechanics, Memory, Patterns, Planning, Precision, Scales, Tables, and Vocabulary
    • Time Limit: 5-15 minutes per test

    Typical Performance Tests

    Personality Tests

    • NEO Personality Inventory:

    • Target population: 17-89 years

    • Purpose: provides a detailed assessment of normal personality

    • Domains measured: Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism

    • Time Limit: 30-40 minutes

    • Versions: Original- 1985 (NEO-PI), Revised- 1992 (NEO-PI-R), 3rd Edition- 2002 (NEO-PI-3)

    • Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI):

    • Target population: 13 years and older

    • Purpose: to help people understand personality differences

    • Domains measured: intended to detect psychological maladjustment

    • Sachs Sentence Completion Test (SSCT):

    • Target population: adults

    • Purpose: to explore specific clusters of attitudes or significant areas of an individual's life

    • Domains measured: measures attitude towards Family, Sex, Interpersonal Relationship, and Self-concept

    Expressive Tests

    • Draw-a-Person (DAP) Test:

    • Target population: 4-10 years old

    • Purpose: to assist professionals in inferring children's cognitive developmental levels

    • Domains measured: measure of intellectual maturation in children

    • House-Tree-Person (HTP) Test:

    • Target population: 3 and above

    • Purpose: measures aspects of a person's personality through interpretation of drawings and responses to questions

    • Domains measured: self-perceptions, attitudes, and brain damage

    Aptitude Tests

    • Otis-Lennon School Ability Test:
    • Target population: kindergarten- Grade 12
    • Purpose: to provide a marker for measuring individual year-to-year progress
    • Domains measured: Verbal Comprehension, Verbal Reasoning, Pictorial Reasoning, Figural Reasoning, and Quantitative Reasoning
    • Time Limit: 60-75 minutes
    • Versions: Original- 1979 (OLSAT-1), Latest- 2003 (OLSAT-8)

    Ability Tests

    • Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT)
      • Target population: ages 5-85+
      • Purpose: assess and monitor reading, spelling, and math skills, and identify possible learning disabilities
      • Factors measured: Word Reading, Sentence Comprehension, Spelling, and Math Computation
      • Time Limit: 15-25 minutes for ages 5-7, 35-45 minutes for ages 8+
      • Versions: Original (1941), Latest (2017, WRAT-5)

    Intelligence Tests

    • Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test-5
      • Target population: college-bound high school juniors and seniors, and adults in personnel selection programs
      • Purpose: used for selection, placement, reassignment, and vocational counseling
      • Domains measured: 16 domains, including Arithmetic, Assembly, Components, Coordination, Electronics, and more
      • Time Limit: 5-15 minutes per test
      • Versions: Original (1960)

    Typical Performance Tests

    • Personality Tests

    Normal Personality

    • NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI)
      • Target population: 17-89 years
      • Purpose: provides a detailed assessment of normal personality
      • Domains measured: Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism
      • Each domain has 6 facets, except for Neuroticism which has 6
      • Time Limit: 30-40 minutes
      • Versions: Original (1985), Revised (1992), 3rd Edition (2002)
      • Form S: self-report format
      • Form R: administered by an observer
      • Validity Scales: Positive Presentation Management (PPM), Negative Presentation Management (NPM), and Inconsistency (INC)

    Other Personality Tests

    • Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

      • Target population: 13 years and older
      • Purpose: to help people understand personality differences in the general population
      • Time Limit: not specified
      • Versions: not specified

    • Rafferty

      • Target population: high school, college, and adults
      • Purpose: screen for adjustment problems, facilitate case conceptualization and diagnosis, and monitor treatment
      • Domains measured: intended to detect psychological maladjustment
      • Time Limit: 20-40 minutes
      • Versions: RISB-2

    • Sachs Sentence Completion Test (SSCT)

      • Target population: Adults
      • Purpose: to explore specific clusters of attitudes or significant areas of an individual's life
      • Domains measured: attitude towards Family, Sex, Interpersonal Relationship, and Self-concept
      • Time Limit: 20-40 minutes
      • Versions: not specified

    • Purpose in Life Tests—Part B (Sentence Completion)

      • Target population: 13 and older
      • Purpose: measure the extent to which a respondent perceives a general sense of meaning and purpose in life
      • Domains measured: measures an active, emotionally stable, goal-oriented, positive direction of life
      • Time Limit: untimed (usually takes less than 15 minutes)
      • Versions: Part A: Objective Part, Part B: Sentence Completion, & Part C: Essay

    Expressive Tests

    • Draw-a-Person (DAP) Test

      • Target population: 4-10 years old
      • Purpose: to assist professionals in inferring children's cognitive developmental levels
      • Domains measured: measure of intellectual maturation in children, elicit personality type and unconscious material
      • Time Limit: untimed (usually takes less than 10-15 minutes)
      • Versions: DAP:IQ, DAP:SPED

    • House-Tree-Person (HTP) Test

      • Target population: 3 and above
      • Purpose: measures aspects of a person’s personality through interpretation of drawings and responses to questions
      • Domains measured: self-perceptions, attitudes, and sometimes brain damage
      • Time Limit: not specified
      • Versions: not specified

    Flanagan Aptitude Classification Test

    • Target population: college-bound high school juniors and seniors, and adults in personnel selection programs
    • Purpose: for selection, placement, reassignment, and vocational counseling to help employers select potential employees
    • Domains measured:
      • Arithmetic ability
      • Assembly ability
      • Components ability
      • Coordination ability
      • Electronics ability
      • Expression ability
      • Ingenuity ability
      • Inspection ability
      • Judgment and Comprehension ability
      • Mathematics and Reasoning ability
      • Mechanics ability
      • Memory ability
      • Patterns ability
      • Planning ability
      • Precision ability
      • Scales ability
      • Tables ability
      • Vocabulary ability
    • Time Limit: 5-15 minutes per test
    • Versions: Original- 1960

    Typical Performance Tests

    Personality Tests

    NEO Personality Inventory

    • Target population: 17-89 years old
    • Purpose: provides a detailed assessment of normal personality
    • Domains measured:
      • Openness to Experience
      • Conscientiousness
      • Extraversion
      • Agreeableness
      • Neuroticism
    • Time Limit: 30-40 minutes
    • Versions: Original- 1985 (NEO-PI); Revised- 1992 (NEO-PI-R); 3rd Edition- 2002 (NEO-PI-3)
    • Form S: self-report format
    • Form R: administered by an observer
    • Validity Scales:
      • Positive Presentation Management (PPM)
      • Negative Presentation Management (NPM)
      • Inconsistency (INC)

    Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

    • Target population: 13 years and older
    • Purpose: to help people understand personality differences in the general population

    Achievement Tests

    Wide Range Achievement Test

    • Target population: ages 5-85+
    • Purpose: assess and monitor reading, spelling, and math skills, and helps identify possible learning disabilities
    • Factors measured:
      • Word Reading
      • Sentence Comprehension
      • Spelling
      • Math Computation
    • Time Limit: ages 5-7: 15-25 minutes; ages 8+: 35-45 minutes
    • Versions: Original- 1941 (WRAT-1); Latest- 2017 (WRAT-5)
    • Scales: Overall Composite, Reading Composite (Word Reading + Sentence Comprehension)

    Intelligence Tests

    Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test-5

    • Target population: ages 2-90+
    • Purpose: to measure ability for academic achievement, oral language, scholastic aptitude, and overall cognitive skills
    • Domains measured: 7 different broad CHC abilities, including:
      • G (General factor)
      • Gf (Fluid Intelligence)
      • Gv (Visual-spatial ability)
      • Gs (Processing Speed)
      • Glr (Long Term Retrieval)
      • Ga (Auditory Processing)
      • Gsm (Short Term Memory)
      • Gc (Crystallized Intelligence)
    • Time Limit: 5-10 minutes per subtest
    • Versions: Original- 1977 (WJ-1), 2nd ed.- 1989 (WJ-II), 3rd ed.- 2001 (WJ-III), Latest- 2014 (WJ-IV)

    Aptitude Tests

    Otis-Lennon School Ability Test

    • Target population: kindergarten to Grade 12
    • Purpose: to provide a marker for measuring individual year-to-year progress
    • Domains measured:
      • Verbal Comprehension
      • Verbal Reasoning
      • Pictorial Reasoning
      • Figural Reasoning
      • Quantitative Reasoning
    • Time Limit: 60-75 minutes
    • Versions: Original- 1979 (OLSAT-1); Latest- 2003 (OLSAT-8)

    Psychological Tests

    • NEO-PI-3 measures the "Big Five" factors of personality: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience.
    • Non-directive Personality Test determines an individual's capacity to handle challenges associated with certain programs and helps in gauging applicant's occupational achievement.

    Personality Assessments

    • MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) is based on Carl Jung's psychological-type framework, helping individuals understand personality preferences and relate with others effectively.
    • MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) is a personality inventory used with both clinical and non-clinical populations to identify sources of personality and personal strengths, and helps in diagnosing mental health disorders.

    Intelligence and Cognitive Ability

    • SB11 (Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale) is designed to assess intelligence and cognitive ability in children and adults, and is not commonly used to diagnose learning disabilities and exceptionalities.

    Projection Tests

    • TAT (Thematic Apperception Test) is a projection test for measuring an individual's perception to pictorially presented stimuli, also known as the "picture story".
    • Rorschach Inkblot Test is a projection test where individuals describe what they see in a series of ambiguous pictures, once used to diagnose mental illnesses like schizophrenia.

    Scales and Scores

    • MMPI-2 uses T-scores as a standardized score.
    • MAC and MAC-R are two of the four MMPI-2 personality and attitude variables thought to underlie alcoholism.
    • NEO PI-3 has six subscales, including Neuroticism, which refers to extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience.

    Statistical Tests

    • ANOVA 1-way measures the difference between three or more groups, with an ordinal scale of measurement.
    • Mann Whitney U Test measures the difference between two groups, with an ordinal scale of measurement.

    Test Administration

    • Level B tests can only be administered by psychologists and psychologists only.
    • A replaced psychologist has the power to administer tests from Level A to Level C.
    • A valid test is always reliable.

    Psychological Tests

    • NEO-PI-3 measures the "Big Five" factors of personality: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience.
    • Non-directive Personality Test determines an individual's capacity to handle challenges associated with certain programs and helps in gauging applicant's occupational achievement.

    Personality Assessments

    • MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) is based on Carl Jung's psychological-type framework, helping individuals understand personality preferences and relate with others effectively.
    • MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) is a personality inventory used with both clinical and non-clinical populations to identify sources of personality and personal strengths, and helps in diagnosing mental health disorders.

    Intelligence and Cognitive Ability

    • SB11 (Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale) is designed to assess intelligence and cognitive ability in children and adults, and is not commonly used to diagnose learning disabilities and exceptionalities.

    Projection Tests

    • TAT (Thematic Apperception Test) is a projection test for measuring an individual's perception to pictorially presented stimuli, also known as the "picture story".
    • Rorschach Inkblot Test is a projection test where individuals describe what they see in a series of ambiguous pictures, once used to diagnose mental illnesses like schizophrenia.

    Scales and Scores

    • MMPI-2 uses T-scores as a standardized score.
    • MAC and MAC-R are two of the four MMPI-2 personality and attitude variables thought to underlie alcoholism.
    • NEO PI-3 has six subscales, including Neuroticism, which refers to extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience.

    Statistical Tests

    • ANOVA 1-way measures the difference between three or more groups, with an ordinal scale of measurement.
    • Mann Whitney U Test measures the difference between two groups, with an ordinal scale of measurement.

    Test Administration

    • Level B tests can only be administered by psychologists and psychologists only.
    • A replaced psychologist has the power to administer tests from Level A to Level C.
    • A valid test is always reliable.

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