PSYC 2013 Chapter 8 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is intelligence?

A basic skill for daily tasks.

Knowledge of facts and figures.

The ability to reason, make decisions, and adapt to environmental challenges. (correct)

The ability to navigate through a labyrinth.

What is an achievement test?

A standardized test to assess current levels of skill and knowledge.

What are aptitude tests used for?

To predict future performance.

What is psychometrics?

The use of standardized tests to measure mental attributes such as intelligence. Signup and view all the answers

What is framing?

A way that decisions are shaped by whether potential gains or potential losses are emphasized. Signup and view all the answers

What is the availability heuristic?

Making decisions based on information that is easily retrieved. Signup and view all the answers

What is affective forecasting?

Attaching too much importance to how an outcome would make someone feel. Signup and view all the answers

What is the representativeness heuristic?

Making decisions based on poorly informed stereotyping of people. Signup and view all the answers

What is anchoring?

Evaluating current information by comparing it to previously provided information. Signup and view all the answers

Stereotypes can limit opportunities.

True Signup and view all the answers

Stereotypes are conscious thought processes.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are morphemes?

The smallest unit of meaning in language. Signup and view all the answers

What is syntax?

The rules for combining words into sentences. Signup and view all the answers

What does semantics refer to?

The underlying meaning of phrases or sentences. Signup and view all the answers

What is Broca's area?

The brain area responsible for language production. Signup and view all the answers

What is Wernicke's area?

The brain area responsible for language comprehension. Signup and view all the answers

What are phonemes?

The basic sounds of speech. Signup and view all the answers

What is a prototype?

The best, most typical member of a category. Signup and view all the answers

What is a category?

A group of things with one or more shared properties. Signup and view all the answers

What is an exemplar?

Any member of a category. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are symbolic representations? (Select all that apply)

The ingredient list in a recipe Signup and view all the answers

What is crystallized intelligence?

Knowledge and use of knowledge. Signup and view all the answers

What does g factor refer to?

High overall intelligence. Signup and view all the answers

What is fluid intelligence?

Flexibility and novelty in thinking. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the exemplar model with an example.

Identifying an unusual breed of cat as a cat based on its resemblance to existing cats in memory. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the prototype model with an example.

Young children identify a crow as a bird because they view it as best representing that concept. Signup and view all the answers

What is categorization and provide an example?

A grocery store places all produce in one area and all dry goods in another. Signup and view all the answers

What does restructuring a problem involve? Give an example.

Finding a dog sitter by creating a schedule for multiple people. Signup and view all the answers

What is working backward? Provide an example.

Identifying how to get to work by researching bus schedules after knowing what time to depart. Signup and view all the answers

What does create subgoals mean? Provide an example.

Planning to procure research articles, review them, write summaries, and then write a conclusion. Signup and view all the answers

What is practical intelligence?

Skill at judging the size of a physical space or judging people's characters. Signup and view all the answers

What is creative intelligence?

Skill at generating new ideas. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Intelligence and Testing

Intelligence is defined as the ability to reason, make decisions, comprehend events, and adapt to environmental challenges.
Achievement tests assess current skill and knowledge levels through standardized testing.
Aptitude tests aim to predict future performance based on standardized assessments.
Psychometrics is the science of measuring mental attributes, particularly intelligence, using standardized tests.

Decision-Making Concepts

Framing effects occur when decisions are influenced by how choices are presented, emphasizing gains or losses.
The availability heuristic leads to hasty judgments based on readily accessible information, often ignoring more accurate sources.
Affective forecasting involves overestimating the emotional impact of outcomes, affecting decision-making.
The representativeness heuristic relies on categorizing individuals or objects based on stereotypes.

Cognitive Biases

Anchoring bias occurs when initial information influences evaluations of subsequent data, particularly in numerical contexts.
Stereotypes can restrict opportunities and are often based on gender roles; they can be beneficial but are not typically conscious processes.

Language and Communication

Morphemes are the smallest units carrying meaning in language.
Syntax refers to the rules governing sentence structure.
Semantics deals with the underlying meaning in phrases or sentences.
Broca's area is responsible for language production, while Wernicke's area is crucial for language comprehension.
Phonemes represent the basic sounds of speech.

Categorization and Conceptual Understanding

A prototype is the best representative example of a category, while an exemplar is any member of that category.
Categories group items based on shared properties to help organize information.
Symbolic representations include concepts like mathematical equations and ingredient lists, while sketches and signs are not considered symbolic.

Intelligence Types

Crystallized intelligence involves knowledge retention and practical application.
The g factor indicates high overall intelligence ability.
Fluid intelligence pertains to flexible and innovative thinking.

Problem-Solving Strategies

Restructuring a problem involves finding a new way to approach a situation for effective solutions.
Working backward starts from the desired outcome and traces steps back to the beginning.
Creating subgoals breaks tasks into manageable segments for better organization.

Types of Intelligence

Practical intelligence is the ability to assess physical spaces and understand people's characters.
Creative intelligence encompasses innovative thinking and problem-solving skills.

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Description

Explore key concepts from PSYC 2013 Chapter 8 with these flashcards. This set covers essential terms such as intelligence, achievement tests, aptitude tests, and psychometrics. Perfect for quick revision and understanding of psychological assessment tools.