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Questions and Answers
What is the consequence of issuing shares without adequate consideration?
What is the consequence of issuing shares without adequate consideration?
What distinguishes convertible debentures from nonconvertible debentures?
What distinguishes convertible debentures from nonconvertible debentures?
Why do companies often choose debt financing over equity financing?
Why do companies often choose debt financing over equity financing?
What is recorded during the issuance process of debentures?
What is recorded during the issuance process of debentures?
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Why is it important to differentiate between various types of stocks?
Why is it important to differentiate between various types of stocks?
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How does learning about the mechanics of issuing debentures contribute to financial management?
How does learning about the mechanics of issuing debentures contribute to financial management?
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What is share capital in a company?
What is share capital in a company?
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What distinguishes common stocks from preference stocks?
What distinguishes common stocks from preference stocks?
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What happens when a company issues new shares?
What happens when a company issues new shares?
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When does a preference stockholder receive dividends?
When does a preference stockholder receive dividends?
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How are newly issued shares recorded in the accounting books?
How are newly issued shares recorded in the accounting books?
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What is the main difference between common and preference stocks during liquidation of a company?
What is the main difference between common and preference stocks during liquidation of a company?
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Study Notes
Accounting for Issues of Shares and Debentures in Class 12
When discussing financial operations in accountancy, understanding how companies raise funds through issuing shares and debt instruments like debentures is essential. As you delve into your studies during Class 12, these concepts become foundational pillars within corporate finance and stock market analysis. Let's explore them to equip you with practical knowledge.
Share Capital
Share capital refers to the part of total shareholders' equity that originates from the issue of common and preference stocks. When a company issues new shares, they receive cash inflows which contribute to their working capital and may also lead to a change in ownership structure among investors.
Common Stocks: These shares represent partial ownership stakes and carry voting rights entitling shareholders to participate in decision-making processes. Dividends paid on common stocks aren't guaranteed, being dependent upon the company's profits.
Preference Stocks: These shares promise fixed dividend payments and rank senior to common stocks when it comes to distribution of assets if a liquidation occurs. Preferred stockholders don't possess voting rights unless special privileges allow otherwise.
Newly issued shares must be recorded accurately in the accounting books using journal entries like debiting Cash and crediting Paid-Up Capital (or Share Premium Account) to reflect their fair value considerations. A noteworthy point here is that shares issued without adequate consideration result in share premium, whereas those offered below par will call for additional paid-in capital accounts.
Debenture Capital
Debentures represent unsecured obligations of borrowing money by a corporation and are typically redeemable bonds. They come in two forms: convertible and nonconvertible. Companies obtain debt financing primarily due to its cost effectiveness and simplicity compared to other sources, especially in times where equity financing might seem riskier or more expensive.
The issuance process involves recording accounts payable and interest expense based on the terms agreed upon while booking an asset called "debt investment." A bond discount (if any), accrued interest, and dividend equivalents are often shown separately as well until maturity. This practice ensures that the carrying amount of a bond, which equals its face value plus redeemable value differences, remains accurate all along the lending period.
In summary, learning about share and debenture capital allows you to grasp fundamental principles underlying securities markets. The ability to differentiate between various types of stocks enables better understanding of investor behavior, while grasping the mechanics behind issuing debentures aids comprehension of the dynamics shaping interest rates and overall macroeconomic trends. Incorporating this knowledge into the broader picture of financial management and investment analysis can indeed go a long way towards enhancing your analytical skills.
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Description
Explore the concepts of share capital and debenture capital in the context of financial operations and corporate finance. Learn about common and preference stocks, debenture issuance, journal entries, and the impact on balance sheets. Enhance your understanding of how companies raise funds through issuing shares and debt instruments.
