Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT considered as part of cash and cash equivalents?
What is the key characteristic that differentiates cash from other negotiable instruments as per the text?
Which of the following is a criterion for an item to be reported as cash in financial statements?
When translating cash in foreign currency to Philippine currency in financial statements, what exchange rate should be used according to the text?
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Which of the following investments is considered a cash equivalent based on the PAS 7 definition?
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What term best describes investments that are so near maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value due to interest rate changes?
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Why can't equity securities qualify as cash equivalents?
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When should cash be written down to estimated realizable value?
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Why are preference shares with specific redemption dates eligible to be classified as cash equivalents?
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How is foreign currency translated when calculating cash equivalents?
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Which of the following is NOT included in cash and cash equivalents?
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Under what time period would short-term financial assets or temporary investments fall?
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In accordance with the text, how should deposits in foreign countries subject to foreign exchange restrictions be classified?
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How should cash funds designated for payment of current obligations be classified?
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How should compensating balances be accounted for in the financial statements?
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What is the classification of customers' postdated checks and NSF checks?
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How should bank overdrafts be classified according to the text?
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What is the treatment of cash in closed banks or banks facing financial difficulties?
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Study Notes
Cash and Cash Equivalents
- Cash includes money, negotiable instruments (payable in money and acceptable by banks for deposit and immediate credit), and unrestricted funds.
- Examples of cash include cash on hand, cash in banks, cash funds, checks, bank drafts, and money orders.
Characteristics of Cash
- Unrestricted in use and readily available for payment of current obligations.
- Not subject to contractual or other restrictions.
Presentation and Measurement of Cash in the Balance Sheet
- Cash items include petty cash fund, cash in bank, postal money order, manager's check, traveler's check, undelivered or unreleased checks, and compensating balances.
- Cash set aside for current operations and foreign currency (translated to Philippine currency using the exchange rate at the balance sheet date).
Cash Equivalents
- Short-term investments purchased 3 months or less before maturity.
- Examples of cash equivalents include 3-month BSP treasury bill, 3-year BSP treasury bill purchased 3 months before maturity, and 3-month time deposit.
- Measured at face value, with foreign currency translated to Philippine peso using current exchange rates.
Classification of Investments
- Investments in time deposits, money market instruments, and treasury bills:
- 3 months or less: Cash and cash equivalents.
- More than 3 months but within the year: Short-term financial assets or temporary investments (current assets).
- More than 1 year: Long-term investment.
Important Notes
- Equity securities cannot qualify as cash equivalents because shares do not have maturity.
- Preference shares with specific redemption date and acquired 3 months before redemption date can qualify as cash equivalents.
- Deposits in foreign countries with foreign exchange restrictions are classified separately as noncurrent assets.
- Cash fund for certain purposes:
- For operations or payment of current obligations: Current assets.
- For non-current purpose or payment of non-current obligations: Long-term investment.
Accounting for Specific Items
- Bank overdraft: Current liability, not offset against other bank accounts with debit balances.
- Compensating balance: Classified as current asset.
- Undelivered checks or unreleased checks: Classified as cash.
- Post-dated checks: Do not qualify as cash.
- Stale checks or long outstanding checks: Classified as receivables.
- Window dressing, lapping, and kiting: Not acceptable accounting practices.
- Cash in closed banks/banks having financial difficulty: Classified as receivable and written down to recoverable value.
- Customer's post-dated checks and NSF checks: Classified as receivables.
- DAUD and DAIF expense advances: Classified as prepaid expense.
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Description
Learn about the definition and components of cash and cash equivalents in accounting. Understand the criteria for an item to be classified as unrestricted cash and be reported as such. Gain insights into what constitutes cash in banks, cash fund, checks, and money orders.
