Accessory Structures of the Skin
35 Questions
101 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What do accessory structures of the skin include?

Nails, hair follicles, and skin glands

The dermis cannot regenerate.

False

What is the function of nails?

Protective covering on the ends of fingers and toes

What are the parts of the nail?

<p>Nail plate, nail bed and lunula</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the nail plate do?

<p>Overlies the nail bed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nail bed?

<p>Surface of the skin produced by specialized epithelial cells continuous with the epithelium of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lunula?

<p>Half-moon shaped region at the base of a nail plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

On which surfaces of the skin is hair not found?

<p>Palms, soles, nipples, lips and some parts of the external reproductive organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hair follicle?

<p>A tubelike depression where hair is developed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hair root?

<p>Portion of hair embedded in the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hair shaft?

<p>It extends away from the skin surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hair composed of?

<p>Dead epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hair papilla?

<p>A projection of connective tissue at the end of the hair follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is hair color determined?

<p>Genes determine the hair color by the type and amount of pigment produced by epidermal melanocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is eumelanin?

<p>Pigment that is brownish-black and produces dark hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pheomelanin?

<p>Pigment that is reddish-yellow and produces blonde hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrector pili muscle?

<p>A bundle of smooth muscle cells attached to each hair follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a person is emotionally upset or cold?

<p>Nerve impulses may stimulate the arrector pili muscles to contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are sebaceous glands?

<p>Specialized epithelial cells associated with hair follicles that produce sebum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sebum?

<p>Mixture of fatty material and cellular debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sebum?

<p>Keeps hair and skin soft, pliable and waterproof</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sebaceous glands are located in the palms and soles.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do sebaceous glands open up in regions such as lips and corners of the mouth?

<p>Directly to the surface of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are sweat glands also known as?

<p>Sudoriferous glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do sweat glands consist of?

<p>A tiny tube that originates as a ball-shaped coil in the deeper dermis or superficial subcutaneous layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do eccrine glands respond?

<p>Throughout life to body temperature elevated by environmental heat or physical exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are eccrine glands most abundant?

<p>Forehead, neck, and back</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of function is sweating?

<p>Excretory function</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sweat composed of?

<p>Mostly water, but it also contains a small amount of salts and wastes such as urea and uric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are apocrine glands?

<p>Glands that secrete by the same mechanism as eccrine glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do apocrine sweat glands become active?

<p>At puberty and during emotional upset, fright, or pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

In adults, where are apocrine glands most numerous?

<p>Axillary regions, the groin, and the area around the nipple</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do ceruminous glands do?

<p>Secrete ear wax</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do mammary glands secrete?

<p>Milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sweat gland has an odor?

<p>Apocrine gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Accessory Structures of the Skin

  • Accessory structures originate in the epidermis and include nails, hair follicles, and skin glands.
  • The dermis can regenerate as long as accessory structures remain intact.

Nails

  • Nails serve as protective coverings at the tips of fingers and toes.
  • Key components of nails include the nail plate, nail bed, and lunula.
  • The nail plate overlies the nail bed.
  • The nail bed consists of specialized epithelial cells that connect with the skin's epithelium.
  • The lunula is the crescent-shaped visible part of the nail root and represents the most active growth site.

Hair

  • Hair is present on nearly all skin surfaces except for palms, soles, nipples, lips, and certain external reproductive areas.
  • Hair follicles are tubular depressions where hair grows from a cluster of epidermal cells.
  • The hair root resides in the follicle and is nourished by dermal blood vessels.
  • The hair shaft extends away from the surface of the skin.
  • Hair is composed of dead epithelial cells.

Hair Structure and Functions

  • The hair papilla is a connective tissue projection at the base of the hair follicle.
  • Hair color is genetically determined by the type and amount of pigments produced by epidermal melanocytes.

Types of Melanin

  • Eumelanin is a brownish-black pigment that produces dark hair.
  • Pheomelanin is a reddish-yellow pigment that results in blonde hair.

Arrector Pili Muscle

  • Each hair follicle is attached to an arrector pili muscle which, when contracted, causes hair to stand on end, creating goosebumps.
  • Emotional states or cold conditions can stimulate these muscles.

Sebaceous Glands

  • Sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles and consist of specialized epithelial cells; they are holocrine glands.
  • These glands produce sebum, a mixture of fatty material and cellular debris.
  • Sebum maintains the softness, pliability, and waterproof nature of hair and skin.
  • Sebaceous glands are absent on palms and soles but open directly to the skin surface in areas like lips and genital organs.

Sweat Glands

  • Sweat glands, also known as sudoriferous glands, originate as coiled tubes in the dermis or subcutaneous layer.
  • Eccrine glands are the most abundant type, responding to heat and physical activity, primarily located on the forehead, neck, and back.
  • Sweating serves an excretory function and consists mainly of water, with some salts and wastes like urea.
  • Apocrine glands activate at puberty and may produce odor; they are concentrated in areas such as the armpits and groin.

Specialized Glands

  • Ceruminous glands are located in the external ear canal and secrete ear wax.
  • Mammary glands are specialized to produce milk.

Notable Functions

  • Apocrine glands may release sweat in response to emotional stimuli, sexual arousal, or pain.
  • The eccrine gland is crucial for thermoregulation through sweating in response to increased body temperature.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

This quiz explores the accessory structures of the skin, focusing on nails, hair follicles, and their functions. Understand the anatomy and growth processes of nails and hair, as well as their significance in skin health. Test your knowledge on these vital components of the integumentary system.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser