Assessment Week 2: Skin, Hair, and Nails Chapter 13

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Questions and Answers

Which layer of skin is primarily responsible for cellular regeneration?

Dermis

Stratum corneum

Stratum germinativum (correct)

Subcutaneous layer

What function of the skin involves the production of vitamin D?

Temperature regulation

Wound repair

Protection

Absorption (correct)

Which symptom is most indicative of a change in skin condition?

Hoarseness of voice

History of heart disease

Change in appetite

Excessive dryness or moisture (correct)

What environmental hazard is a risk factor for skin cancer?

Prolonged exposure to UV rays Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about older adults and skin aging is correct?

There is a greater risk for heat stroke due to decreased sweat glands. Signup and view all the answers

Which population is at higher risk for skin cancer due to their skin characteristics?

Individuals under 18 years of age Signup and view all the answers

What type of gland is primarily responsible for regulating body temperature through sweat?

Eccrine glands Signup and view all the answers

Which skin structure provides insulation and energy storage?

Subcutaneous layer Signup and view all the answers

What change in nails may signal a health issue?

Splitting or thickening nails Signup and view all the answers

What should be used for a physical examination of skin?

Strong direct lighting Signup and view all the answers

What is a common skin condition associated with older adults characterized by purple spots?

Senile purpura Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of excessive skin moisture?

Pruritus Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to a genetic advantage in darker pigmented skin?

Lower incidences of skin cancer Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the skin is primarily involved in providing structural support and elasticity?

Dermis Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed in infants regarding skin history?

Presence of birthmarks Signup and view all the answers

Which type of gland is involved in producing oily secretions that lubricate the skin?

Sebaceous glands Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT a skin disease that should be queried in health history?

Heartburn Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can lead to a delay in wound healing in older adults?

Uncontrolled diabetes Signup and view all the answers

How does aging impact the hair distribution in older adults?

Alteration in hair distribution Signup and view all the answers

What symptom could indicate a skin issue requiring further assessment?

Color changes in nails Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skin lesion is characterized by a small, raised, solid bump on the skin?

Papule Signup and view all the answers

Which configuration of lesions is described as having a circular or ring-like appearance?

Annular Signup and view all the answers

What is a common skin change seen in older adults?

Senile lentigines Signup and view all the answers

What term describes lesions that result from impaired circulation and are assessed by depth from stage I to IV?

Pressure ulcers Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skin lesion is characterized by a watery blister filled with clear fluid?

Bulla Signup and view all the answers

What is a common vascular lesion characterized by a benign growth of blood vessels commonly known as a strawberry mark?

Hemangioma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing pressure ulcers?

Excessive hydration Signup and view all the answers

Which type of secondary skin lesion is characterized by a loss of skin that may extend into the dermis?

Erosion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lesions is associated with trauma or abuse and appears as a localized collection of blood outside of blood vessels?

Hematoma Signup and view all the answers

Which configuration of skin lesions is described as being composed of multiple small lesions closely grouped together?

Grouped Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT classified as a common skin lesion?

Basal cell carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

Which abnormal condition of nails is characterized by a separation of the nail from its bed?

Onycholysis Signup and view all the answers

What is a major characteristic of Kaposi's sarcoma associated with AIDS?

Patch stage Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is known as 'cradle cap'?

Seborrheic dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential result of exposure to ringworm?

Tinea corporis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of late clubbing of the nails?

Curving of the nail Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following skin lesions is specifically associated with Lyme disease?

Erythema migrans Signup and view all the answers

Which abnormal condition is characterized by a fungal infection of the scalp?

Tinea capitis Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can lead to a systemic infection and is characterized by the presence of burrows in the skin?

Scabies Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of health promotion in relation to personal health?

Control and improvement of health Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Structure of the Skin

Skin consists of three primary layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer.
Epidermis: Outermost layer with sub-layers including:
- Stratum germinativum (basal cell layer)
- Stratum corneum (horny cell layer)
Dermis: Composed of connective tissue (collagen) and elastic tissue.
Subcutaneous Layer: Contains adipose (fat) tissue.
Epidermal Appendages:
- Hair
- Sebaceous glands (produce oil)
- Sweat glands: Eccrine (regulate temperature) and Apocrine (related to odor).
- Nails

Function of the Skin

Provides protection from external elements and pathogens.
Aids in temperature regulation through sweat production.
Facilitates sensory perception via nerve endings.
Involved in identification and communication.
Assists in wound repair and skin healing.
Contribution to absorption and excretion processes.
Synthesizes vitamin D upon sunlight exposure.

Developmental Considerations (Older Adults)

Skin structures gradually atrophy with age, leading to:
- Loss of elasticity and collagen.
- Reduction of subcutaneous fat, resulting in thinner skin.
- Decreased functioning of sweat and sebaceous glands, increasing heat stroke risk.
- Higher susceptibility to skin diseases and psychological impacts of aging.

Clinical manifestations of diseases may vary based on skin pigmentation and hair texture.
Darker pigmentation offers a genetic advantage against skin cancer.
Hormonal influences can alter the appearance of sexual skin areas.
Environmental factors can affect sweat gland efficiency.

Subjective Data: Health History

Important to assess previous skin conditions (like psoriasis, eczema).
Ask about changes in pigmentation, moles, excess dryness/moisture, pruritus, hair loss, and nail changes.
Consider environmental hazards, medication history, and self-care practices.

Health Promotion: Tanning and Skin Cancer Risks

Prolonged UV exposure is a significant risk factor for skin cancer.
High-risk groups include individuals with a history of skin cancer, fair skin, freckles, family history of skin cancer, and those using UV-sensitive medications.
Usage of tanning beds poses potential health hazards.

Physical Examination Preparation

Prepare adequate lighting and necessary equipment (penlight, gloves).
External variables that could affect skin color should be noted.

Inspection Parameters

Assess skin for color, temperature (hypothermia/hyperthermia), moisture levels, texture, and lesions.

Abnormal Skin Findings

Recognize various shapes and configurations of skin lesions, such as annular, target, and linear.
Classify lesions as primary (like macules, papules) or secondary (like crusts, scars).

Pressure Ulcers

Develop over bony prominences due to impaired circulation or immobility.
Risk factors include thin skin, decreased sensory perception, moisture, and poor nutrition.
Assessed and staged based on depth from I (least severe) to IV (most severe).

Common Skin Lesions

Observed conditions include primary contact dermatitis, tinea corporis, psoriasis, and herpes zoster.
Malignant lesions such as basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma are of significant concern.

Abnormal Conditions of Hair and Nails

Hair abnormalities include conditions like seborrheic dermatitis and alopecia.
Nail conditions to note include paronychia, Beau's lines, and splinter hemorrhages.
Nail assessment includes evaluation of shape, contour, and consistency.

Health Promotion Goals

Empower individuals to gain control over and improve their health through education and lifestyle changes.

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Description

Dive into Chapter 13 of Skin, Hair, and Nails, focusing on the structure and function of the skin. Explore the specific layers of skin, including the epidermis and dermis, as well as epidermal appendages like hair and glands. This quiz will test your understanding of the integumentary system.