Podcast
Questions and Answers
The integument is made up of the cutaneous membrane and the ______ structures.
The integument is made up of the cutaneous membrane and the ______ structures.
accessory
The epidermis consists of an outer layer made up of epithelial tissues and an inner ______ composed of connective tissues.
The epidermis consists of an outer layer made up of epithelial tissues and an inner ______ composed of connective tissues.
dermis
Skin color depends on pigments such as carotene and ______.
Skin color depends on pigments such as carotene and ______.
melanin
The functions of skin include protection, excretion, and ______ of lipids.
The functions of skin include protection, excretion, and ______ of lipids.
Signup and view all the answers
The outermost layer of the skin is called the ______.
The outermost layer of the skin is called the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The subcutaneous layer is referred to as the superficial fascia or ______.
The subcutaneous layer is referred to as the superficial fascia or ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Keratinocytes are the most abundant cells found in the ______.
Keratinocytes are the most abundant cells found in the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The palms of the hands and the soles of the feet are covered with ______ skin.
The palms of the hands and the soles of the feet are covered with ______ skin.
Signup and view all the answers
The subcutaneous layer is the site of subcutaneous injections using ______ needles.
The subcutaneous layer is the site of subcutaneous injections using ______ needles.
Signup and view all the answers
Deposits of subcutaneous fat are the subject of cosmetic ______ procedures.
Deposits of subcutaneous fat are the subject of cosmetic ______ procedures.
Signup and view all the answers
The integumentary accessory structures include hair, hair follicles, sebaceous and ______ glands.
The integumentary accessory structures include hair, hair follicles, sebaceous and ______ glands.
Signup and view all the answers
The base of each hair follicle is surrounded by sensory nerves called the ______ plexus.
The base of each hair follicle is surrounded by sensory nerves called the ______ plexus.
Signup and view all the answers
Involuntary smooth muscles called ______ pili cause hairs to stand on end.
Involuntary smooth muscles called ______ pili cause hairs to stand on end.
Signup and view all the answers
Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, which lubricates and protects the ______.
Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, which lubricates and protects the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Apocrine sweat glands are found in the armpits, around the nipples and ______.
Apocrine sweat glands are found in the armpits, around the nipples and ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Merocrine sweat glands are widely distributed over the body surface, especially on the palms and ______.
Merocrine sweat glands are widely distributed over the body surface, especially on the palms and ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Merocrine sweat is mostly composed of water with some salts and other organic ______.
Merocrine sweat is mostly composed of water with some salts and other organic ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Nails are composed of dead cells packed with ______.
Nails are composed of dead cells packed with ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The first step in the regeneration of localized skin injuries involves the occurrence of ______.
The first step in the regeneration of localized skin injuries involves the occurrence of ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Scar tissue is a fibrous repair produced by ______ during the healing process.
Scar tissue is a fibrous repair produced by ______ during the healing process.
Signup and view all the answers
The 'rule of nines' is a method used to estimate the percentage of integument damaged by ______.
The 'rule of nines' is a method used to estimate the percentage of integument damaged by ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Carotene can be converted to ______.
Carotene can be converted to ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Melanin is produced by ______.
Melanin is produced by ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Capillaries in the skin carry ______ blood.
Capillaries in the skin carry ______ blood.
Signup and view all the answers
When blood vessels dilate from heat, skin turns ______.
When blood vessels dilate from heat, skin turns ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The outer layer of the dermis is called the ______ layer.
The outer layer of the dermis is called the ______ layer.
Signup and view all the answers
The deeper layer of the dermis is known as the ______ layer.
The deeper layer of the dermis is known as the ______ layer.
Signup and view all the answers
The subcutaneous layer is also referred to as the ______.
The subcutaneous layer is also referred to as the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Several diseases can produce changes in skin ______.
Several diseases can produce changes in skin ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Integumentary System Overview
- The integumentary system is the largest bodily system, constituting approximately 16% of body weight and covering 1.5 to 2 square meters in area.
- Comprises two main components: the cutaneous membrane (skin) and accessory structures.
Cutaneous Membrane
- Consists of the outer epidermis (epithelial tissue) and inner dermis (connective tissue).
- The epidermis has either thin skin (4 layers of keratinocytes) or thick skin (5 layers, found on palms and soles).
Accessory Structures
- Includes hair, nails, and multicellular exocrine glands, originating in the dermis and extending to the epidermis.
Subcutaneous Layer
- Known as hypodermis or superficial fascia, it stabilizes the skin but allows mobility and is not officially part of the integument.
- Contains loose connective tissue and is a common site for hypodermic injections.
Functions of the Integumentary System
- Provides protection against abrasion, fluid loss, and infection.
- Facilitates excretion of salts, water, and organic wastes.
- Maintains body temperature through insulation and sweat evaporation.
- Synthesizes vitamin D and stores lipids.
- Sensory detection of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature.
Epidermis
- Dominated by keratinocytes, which produce keratin.
- Skin color is influenced by carotene (orange-yellow pigment) and melanin (yellow-brown/black pigment produced by melanocytes).
- Melanin production rate determines skin color, providing UV protection.
Dermis
- Split into the papillary layer (areolar tissue, containing capillaries and sensory neurons) and the reticular layer (dense irregular connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve fibers, and collagen).
- Contains dermal papillae, which enhance grip and sensitivity.
Subcutaneous Layer Details
- Stabilizes skin position with elastic areolar and adipose tissues.
- Few capillaries make it suitable for injection sites and accumulation of fat may lead to cosmetic procedures like liposuction.
Accessory Structures Overview
- Hair covers most of the body, providing insulation and protection, sensitive to light touch.
- Hair follicles are surrounded by sensory nerves and contain sebaceous glands for lubrication.
Glands in the Skin
- Sebaceous (oil) glands secrete sebum, which moisturizes the skin and inhibits bacterial growth.
- Sweat glands are of two types:
- Apocrine glands located in specific areas (armpits, groin).
- Merocrine (eccrine) glands found throughout the body, especially in palms and soles, producing sensible perspiration.
Nails
- Composed of dead, keratin-packed cells, produced in the nail root.
Response to Skin Injury
- Skin repairs rapidly due to active germinative cells, involving four steps:
- Step 1: Bleeding triggers mast cell-mediated inflammation.
- Step 2: Blood clot forms a scab; germinative cells and macrophages respond.
- Step 3: Fibroblasts replace damaged tissue with scar tissue.
- Step 4: Fibroblasts strengthen the area, potentially resulting in keloid formation.
Burns
- The "rule of nines" estimates the percentage of body surface area affected by burns, dividing the body into sections that account for multiples of nine.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Dive into the integumentary system, the largest system of the body, comprising skin, hair, and nails. This quiz covers the structural features of the skin, mechanisms of hair and nail formation, and the skin's response to injury. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of human anatomy.
