Academic Language and Text Structures

Study Notes

Academic Language in Various Disciplines

Academic texts convey specialized information and concepts.
Common forms include essays, research papers, reports, articles, theses, and dissertations.

Nature and Characteristics of Academic Text

Structure
- Basic components include introduction, body, and conclusion.
Tone
- A formal, objective, and factual attitude is essential.
- Fair representation of opposing arguments is necessary.
Language
- Use clear, unambiguous language with formal tone.
- Third-person perspective is preferred; avoid casual language and contractions.
Citation
- Proper citation of sources is critical, using footnotes or endnotes and inclusion of a reference list.
Complexity
- Engages with complex issues, demanding higher-order thinking skills.
Evidence-Based Argument
- Arguments must be grounded in a thorough understanding of the relevant knowledge base.
Thesis-Driven
- Foundations of academic texts are based on specific perspectives regarding research problems.

Features of Academic Text

Complex
- Varied vocabulary and grammatical complexity characterize the writing.
Formal
- Adherence to accepted writing conventions is crucial, avoiding colloquial language.
Precise
- Information is conveyed accurately, with precise use of data and terminology.
Objective
- Reduced personal language, minimizing first-person references to maintain focus on the subject matter.
Explicit
- Clarity in how different text parts relate is a writer's responsibility.
Accurate
- Correct use of vocabulary to convey intended meanings.
Hedging
- Allows expression of uncertainty, indicating claims may not yet be widely accepted.
Responsible
- Claims must be substantiated with evidence, acknowledging sources through citation.
Organized
- Logical flow between sections enhances readability and comprehension.
Plan
- Planning is crucial and typically follows thorough research and evaluation.

Text Structures

Narrative
- Engages with storytelling elements such as characters and plot.
- Transitional words include adjectives and adverbs to facilitate flow.
Sequence
- Ideas are presented chronologically.
- Uses transitional words like "first," "next," and dates for clarity.
Cause and Effect
- Explains reasons behind phenomena.
- Employs transitional phrases like "as a result" and "because."
Problem and Solution
- Identifies problems and proposes solutions using phrases like "the problem is."
Compare and Contrast
- Highlights similarities and differences between concepts.
- Transitional words include "however," "whereas," and "similarly."
Definition
- Describes topics by detailing characteristics and examples.
- Effective use of phrases like "for example" is essential.

Description

This quiz explores the nature and characteristics of academic language across various disciplines. It covers the basic structure of academic texts, including essays, research papers, and reports, as well as the tone and presentation of arguments. Test your understanding of what defines effective academic writing!