Questions and Answers
What type of antibiotics inhibit cell wall formation in bacteria?
Which of the following is a common bacterial infection that can be caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis?
What is the typical duration of bacterial conjunctivitis?
What is the primary cause of otitis externa?
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Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat trachoma?
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What is the common presentation of bacterial conjunctivitis?
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Which bacteria is commonly associated with otitis externa?
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What is the name of the bacterium that causes trachoma?
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What is the primary etiologic agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
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What is the first-line treatment for animal bites infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
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What is the primary treatment for Lyme disease?
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What is the etiologic agent of Aeuginosa infections?
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What is the primary treatment for CAP PNA caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?
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What is the primary etiologic agent of Diverticulitis?
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What is the treatment of choice for MRSA infections?
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What is the primary manifestation of Lyme disease in the early stages?
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Which formulation is not used for mucocutaneous candidiasis?
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Which azole derivative requires gastric acid for absorption?
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Which azole derivative achieves significant concentration in CSF?
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What is the elimination route for voriconazole?
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What is the half-life of ketoconazole?
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Which azole derivative is used topically under the brand name Lotrimin?
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What is the route of administration for itraconazole?
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Which of the following is NOT an azole derivative?
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Which of the following antifungal medications is known to penetrate the CSF?
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What is a potential consequence of chronic use of fluconazole in high doses?
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Which antifungal medication is particularly useful in the treatment of onychomycosis?
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What is a major limitation of ketoconazole compared to itraconazole and fluconazole?
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What is a common use for the topical formulation of ketoconazole?
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What is a characteristic of Caspofungin?
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What is a potential consequence of systemic administration of antifungal medications?
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Which antifungal medication is used to prevent cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS?
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What is the most likely diagnosis of a patient with ear canal edema, discomfort, and pain with palpation of tragus/pinna?
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Which of the following is NOT a treatment option for Strep Throat?
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What is the primary bacterium responsible for causing Impetigo?
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What is the treatment of choice for a patient with a Peritonsillar abscess?
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Which of the following is a complication of tonsillitis?
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What is the most likely diagnosis of a patient with red popular lesions that evolve to pustules and honeycomb-like crusting affecting facial areas?
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Which of the following bacteria is responsible for causing Cellulitis?
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What is the treatment of choice for a patient with Impetigo?
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Study Notes
Antibiotics
- Cell wall inhibitors: PCN, cephalosporins, carbapenems
- Protein synthesis inhibitors: AGs, tetracyclines, macrolides, linezolid, mupirocin
- Antifolate drugs
- Fluoroquinolones
Common Bacterial Infections
- Bacterial conjunctivitis
- Inflammation of conjunctiva from infection
- Self-limited, resolves in 5-7 days
- Presentation: conjunctival erythema, eyelid edema, mucopurulent discharge and crusting
- Trachoma
- Highly contagious ocular infection caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis
- Presentation: roughening of inner surface of eye, corneal breakdown, eye discharge, light sensitivity
- Treatments: Azithromycin single dose, Sulfacetamide ophthalmic solution, Tetracycline ophthalmic solution/ointment
- Otitis Externa
- Results from combo of heat and retained moisture with desquamation and maceration of epithelium of canal
- Etiology: P. aeruginosa, S. Pneumo
- Presentation: ear discharge, pain with palpation of tragus/pinna, ear canal edema and discomfort
- Treatment: Topical otic abx +/- topical steroids (e.g. Neomycin/polymyxin/hydrocortisone otic suspension, Ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone otic suspension)
- Strep Throat
- Pharyngeal infections caused by GAS aka S. pyrogenes
- Presentation: sore throat, fever, chills, purulent tonsillar exudate, cervical LAD
- Treatments: PCN V, 1G cephalosporin (cephalexin) if PCN allergy, Clindamycin if allergic to PCN and cephalosporins
- Peritonsillar abscess
- Aka quinsy, complication of tonsillitis
- Consists of collection of pus in peritonsillar space; considered an ENT emergency
- Etiology: Oral flora including anaerobes, GAS
- Presentation: severe u/l sore throat, dysphagia, dysphonia, referred otalgia, "hot potato voice", LAD, trismus
- Treatment: Surgical I&D and Abx (e.g. Clindamycin or metronidazole and benzathine PCN G)
Skin Infections
- Impetigo
- Superficial skin infection seen in young children
- Etiology: S. aureus, S. pyogenes
- Presentation: red papular lesions that evolve to pustules, honeycomb-like crusting affecting facial areas
- Treatment: Mupirocin topical, Dicloxacillin or cephalexin if extensive
- Cellulitis
- Bacterial infection of skin; bacteria enter through cuts, scratches, burns, incisions, catheters, etc
- Etiology: MRSA, MSSA, P. multocida (cat/dog bites), Eikenella cordoned (human bites), P. Aeruginosa (penetrating injury)
- Presentation: localized pain, erythema, swelling, heat
- Treatment: Amoxicillin/Clavulante for animal bites, Dicloxacillin or Oxacillin for MSSA, Clindamycin, vancomycin, or linezolid for MRSA
Tick-Borne Illnesses
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
- Tick/mite-born illness
- Transmitted by American dog ticks (Dermacentor Variabilis) and Rocky Mountain wood tick (D. andersoni)
- Etiology: R. Rickettsii
- Presentation: evolving macular rash; rarely CNS involvement, hypovolemia, HoTN, renal failure
- Treatment: Doxycycline, Chloramphenicol if allergic (or pregnant?)
- Lyme disease
- Spirochetal infection transmitted by ticks (Ixodes scapularis)
- Etiology: Borrelia burgdorferi
- Presentation: ECM (Stage 1), non-specific sx like HA, MSK pain, near deficits (stage 2), arthritis (stage 3)
- Treatment: Doxycycline, Amoxicillin, cefuroxime, or erythromycin are alternative agents
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Description
This quiz covers the pharmacological treatment of bacterial infections, including antibiotics and their mechanisms of action, as well as common bacterial infections.
