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Questions and Answers
What type of antibiotics inhibit cell wall formation in bacteria?
What type of antibiotics inhibit cell wall formation in bacteria?
Which of the following is a common bacterial infection that can be caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis?
Which of the following is a common bacterial infection that can be caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis?
What is the typical duration of bacterial conjunctivitis?
What is the typical duration of bacterial conjunctivitis?
What is the primary cause of otitis externa?
What is the primary cause of otitis externa?
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Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat trachoma?
Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat trachoma?
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What is the common presentation of bacterial conjunctivitis?
What is the common presentation of bacterial conjunctivitis?
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Which bacteria is commonly associated with otitis externa?
Which bacteria is commonly associated with otitis externa?
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What is the name of the bacterium that causes trachoma?
What is the name of the bacterium that causes trachoma?
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What is the primary etiologic agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
What is the primary etiologic agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
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What is the first-line treatment for animal bites infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
What is the first-line treatment for animal bites infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
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What is the primary treatment for Lyme disease?
What is the primary treatment for Lyme disease?
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What is the etiologic agent of Aeuginosa infections?
What is the etiologic agent of Aeuginosa infections?
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What is the primary treatment for CAP PNA caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?
What is the primary treatment for CAP PNA caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?
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What is the primary etiologic agent of Diverticulitis?
What is the primary etiologic agent of Diverticulitis?
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What is the treatment of choice for MRSA infections?
What is the treatment of choice for MRSA infections?
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What is the primary manifestation of Lyme disease in the early stages?
What is the primary manifestation of Lyme disease in the early stages?
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Which formulation is not used for mucocutaneous candidiasis?
Which formulation is not used for mucocutaneous candidiasis?
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Which azole derivative requires gastric acid for absorption?
Which azole derivative requires gastric acid for absorption?
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Which azole derivative achieves significant concentration in CSF?
Which azole derivative achieves significant concentration in CSF?
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What is the elimination route for voriconazole?
What is the elimination route for voriconazole?
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What is the half-life of ketoconazole?
What is the half-life of ketoconazole?
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Which azole derivative is used topically under the brand name Lotrimin?
Which azole derivative is used topically under the brand name Lotrimin?
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What is the route of administration for itraconazole?
What is the route of administration for itraconazole?
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Which of the following is NOT an azole derivative?
Which of the following is NOT an azole derivative?
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Which of the following antifungal medications is known to penetrate the CSF?
Which of the following antifungal medications is known to penetrate the CSF?
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What is a potential consequence of chronic use of fluconazole in high doses?
What is a potential consequence of chronic use of fluconazole in high doses?
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Which antifungal medication is particularly useful in the treatment of onychomycosis?
Which antifungal medication is particularly useful in the treatment of onychomycosis?
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What is a major limitation of ketoconazole compared to itraconazole and fluconazole?
What is a major limitation of ketoconazole compared to itraconazole and fluconazole?
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What is a common use for the topical formulation of ketoconazole?
What is a common use for the topical formulation of ketoconazole?
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What is a characteristic of Caspofungin?
What is a characteristic of Caspofungin?
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What is a potential consequence of systemic administration of antifungal medications?
What is a potential consequence of systemic administration of antifungal medications?
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Which antifungal medication is used to prevent cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS?
Which antifungal medication is used to prevent cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS?
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What is the most likely diagnosis of a patient with ear canal edema, discomfort, and pain with palpation of tragus/pinna?
What is the most likely diagnosis of a patient with ear canal edema, discomfort, and pain with palpation of tragus/pinna?
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Which of the following is NOT a treatment option for Strep Throat?
Which of the following is NOT a treatment option for Strep Throat?
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What is the primary bacterium responsible for causing Impetigo?
What is the primary bacterium responsible for causing Impetigo?
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What is the treatment of choice for a patient with a Peritonsillar abscess?
What is the treatment of choice for a patient with a Peritonsillar abscess?
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Which of the following is a complication of tonsillitis?
Which of the following is a complication of tonsillitis?
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What is the most likely diagnosis of a patient with red popular lesions that evolve to pustules and honeycomb-like crusting affecting facial areas?
What is the most likely diagnosis of a patient with red popular lesions that evolve to pustules and honeycomb-like crusting affecting facial areas?
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Which of the following bacteria is responsible for causing Cellulitis?
Which of the following bacteria is responsible for causing Cellulitis?
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What is the treatment of choice for a patient with Impetigo?
What is the treatment of choice for a patient with Impetigo?
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Study Notes
Antibiotics
- Cell wall inhibitors: PCN, cephalosporins, carbapenems
- Protein synthesis inhibitors: AGs, tetracyclines, macrolides, linezolid, mupirocin
- Antifolate drugs
- Fluoroquinolones
Common Bacterial Infections
- Bacterial conjunctivitis
- Inflammation of conjunctiva from infection
- Self-limited, resolves in 5-7 days
- Presentation: conjunctival erythema, eyelid edema, mucopurulent discharge and crusting
- Trachoma
- Highly contagious ocular infection caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis
- Presentation: roughening of inner surface of eye, corneal breakdown, eye discharge, light sensitivity
- Treatments: Azithromycin single dose, Sulfacetamide ophthalmic solution, Tetracycline ophthalmic solution/ointment
- Otitis Externa
- Results from combo of heat and retained moisture with desquamation and maceration of epithelium of canal
- Etiology: P. aeruginosa, S. Pneumo
- Presentation: ear discharge, pain with palpation of tragus/pinna, ear canal edema and discomfort
- Treatment: Topical otic abx +/- topical steroids (e.g. Neomycin/polymyxin/hydrocortisone otic suspension, Ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone otic suspension)
- Strep Throat
- Pharyngeal infections caused by GAS aka S. pyrogenes
- Presentation: sore throat, fever, chills, purulent tonsillar exudate, cervical LAD
- Treatments: PCN V, 1G cephalosporin (cephalexin) if PCN allergy, Clindamycin if allergic to PCN and cephalosporins
- Peritonsillar abscess
- Aka quinsy, complication of tonsillitis
- Consists of collection of pus in peritonsillar space; considered an ENT emergency
- Etiology: Oral flora including anaerobes, GAS
- Presentation: severe u/l sore throat, dysphagia, dysphonia, referred otalgia, "hot potato voice", LAD, trismus
- Treatment: Surgical I&D and Abx (e.g. Clindamycin or metronidazole and benzathine PCN G)
Skin Infections
- Impetigo
- Superficial skin infection seen in young children
- Etiology: S. aureus, S. pyogenes
- Presentation: red papular lesions that evolve to pustules, honeycomb-like crusting affecting facial areas
- Treatment: Mupirocin topical, Dicloxacillin or cephalexin if extensive
- Cellulitis
- Bacterial infection of skin; bacteria enter through cuts, scratches, burns, incisions, catheters, etc
- Etiology: MRSA, MSSA, P. multocida (cat/dog bites), Eikenella cordoned (human bites), P. Aeruginosa (penetrating injury)
- Presentation: localized pain, erythema, swelling, heat
- Treatment: Amoxicillin/Clavulante for animal bites, Dicloxacillin or Oxacillin for MSSA, Clindamycin, vancomycin, or linezolid for MRSA
Tick-Borne Illnesses
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
- Tick/mite-born illness
- Transmitted by American dog ticks (Dermacentor Variabilis) and Rocky Mountain wood tick (D. andersoni)
- Etiology: R. Rickettsii
- Presentation: evolving macular rash; rarely CNS involvement, hypovolemia, HoTN, renal failure
- Treatment: Doxycycline, Chloramphenicol if allergic (or pregnant?)
- Lyme disease
- Spirochetal infection transmitted by ticks (Ixodes scapularis)
- Etiology: Borrelia burgdorferi
- Presentation: ECM (Stage 1), non-specific sx like HA, MSK pain, near deficits (stage 2), arthritis (stage 3)
- Treatment: Doxycycline, Amoxicillin, cefuroxime, or erythromycin are alternative agents
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Description
This quiz covers the pharmacological treatment of bacterial infections, including antibiotics and their mechanisms of action, as well as common bacterial infections.
