ABO Blood Group Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What may result in weak expression of ABO antigens?

  • Transfusion of identical group cells
  • Cis-AB genotype (correct)
  • Presence of D antigen
  • Type O blood

    • How can excessive amounts of soluble A and/or B antigens in plasma affect blood testing?

  • Enhance agglutination reaction
  • Increase intensity of colorimetric assays
  • Prevent hemolysis in transfusions
  • Cause a false-negative reaction (correct)

    • What method can enhance the detection of weak ABO antigens?

  • Using aged cells for testing
  • Increased sample volume
  • Extended incubation times (correct)
  • Reducing reactant concentrations

    • What is mixed field agglutination often caused by?

    <p>Transfusion with non-ABO identical cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to avoid intravascular hemolysis during emergency transfusions?

    <p>Only transfuse group O red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause mixed-field agglutination after a bone marrow transplantation?

    <p>Nonidentical donor cell populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon occurs when two distinct populations of cells are present due to fertilization?

    <p>Mosaicism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one proposed cause of mixed-field agglutination in patients over their lifetime?

    <p>Chimerism from fraternal twin blood exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated when a patient has a hemolytic transfusion reaction with no found antibodies in their plasma?

    <p>Polyagglutinating cells may be involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of polyagglutination is typically acquired through bacterial infections?

    <p>Bacterially acquired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best describes the origin of the acquired B antigen in some patients?

    <p>Modification by enzymes from enteric bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are polyagglutinating cells classified?

    <p>Using a panel of lectins with different cryptantigen specificities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of B(A) phenotype in blood group testing?

    <p>It results from a minor mutation in the B enzyme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of enzyme treatment in the context of ABO antibody testing?

    <p>To enhance a weakly reactive ABO antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is NOT mentioned as an agent used for enzyme treatment?

    <p>Pepsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can cause unexpected positive reactions in the forward group?

    <p>Contamination with Wharton's jelly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to resolve discrepancies caused by Wharton's jelly?

    <p>Wash cells multiple times in warm saline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may cause red blood cells to agglutinate with all plasma due to exposure of hidden antigens?

    <p>Polyagglutination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances can potentially cause rouleaux during ABO testing?

    <p>Hyaluronic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can lead to nonspecific agglutination if the testing is performed using unwashed cells?

    <p>Cold autoagglutinins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cryptantigens in the context of unexpected reactions in blood typing?

    <p>Exposure can cause agglutination with all plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of checking the patient's age when there is a missing reaction in the reverse group?

    <p>To establish whether to rely on the reverse group for ABO interpretation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT mentioned as a reason for decreased ABO antibody production?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action is recommended if a patient has recently undergone therapeutic plasma exchange therapy?

    <p>Consider the possibility of diluted ABO antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of resolving ABO discrepancies, what temperature is suggested for incubating the reverse group to potentially enhance antibody detection?

    <p>Room temperature or higher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When might the forward grouping be deemed sufficient for determining ABO blood type?

    <p>In patients younger than 4 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of patients is likely to exhibit decreased antibody concentration due to aging?

    <p>Elderly patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the methods to enhance a weak reaction in tube testing for ABO grouping?

    <p>Increase the serum/cell ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about IgM antibodies is correct?

    <p>They are cold-reactive antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cold autoantibodies can interfere with ABO testing?

    <p>Anti-I, anti-H, anti-IH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique can help neutralize cold-reactive antibodies during ABO testing?

    <p>Prewarming the plasma and cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using reverse grouping when performing ABO tests?

    <p>To identify interfering antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may result in rouleaux formation during blood testing?

    <p>Multiple myeloma and Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique can be used to distinguish true agglutination from rouleaux?

    <p>Saline replacement technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a laboratory do first when a discrepancy is discovered in the testing results?

    <p>Repeat the testing to rule out technical error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a sign of contamination in a reagent?

    <p>Cloudiness or changes in color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice when handling an ABO discrepancy?

    <p>Ignore historical results as they are not relevant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might a decrease in the strength of a reaction over time suggest?

    <p>Potential contamination or expiration of the reagent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of an ABO discrepancy between current and historical results, what might this indicate?

    <p>There may be a clerical error or labeling issue</p> Signup and view all the answers

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