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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of anxiety disorders?
What is the primary characteristic of anxiety disorders?
Which of the following statements about somatic symptom disorders is true?
Which of the following statements about somatic symptom disorders is true?
What distinguishes dissociative disorders from other psychological disorders?
What distinguishes dissociative disorders from other psychological disorders?
Which of the following best describes personality disorders?
Which of the following best describes personality disorders?
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What factor is commonly associated with the predisposition model of schizophrenia?
What factor is commonly associated with the predisposition model of schizophrenia?
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Which of the following best describes abnormal behavior within the continuum model?
Which of the following best describes abnormal behavior within the continuum model?
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According to the medical perspective, abnormal behavior is primarily attributed to which of the following?
According to the medical perspective, abnormal behavior is primarily attributed to which of the following?
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What does the psychoanalytic perspective suggest as a cause of abnormal behavior?
What does the psychoanalytic perspective suggest as a cause of abnormal behavior?
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Which perspective highlights the role of societal expectations in defining normal and abnormal behavior?
Which perspective highlights the role of societal expectations in defining normal and abnormal behavior?
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What is a key characteristic of the behavioral perspective on abnormal behavior?
What is a key characteristic of the behavioral perspective on abnormal behavior?
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Which statement best describes the cognitive perspective on abnormal behavior?
Which statement best describes the cognitive perspective on abnormal behavior?
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In what way does the humanistic perspective view abnormal behavior?
In what way does the humanistic perspective view abnormal behavior?
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Which of the following behaviors would likely be considered abnormal based on the established division criteria?
Which of the following behaviors would likely be considered abnormal based on the established division criteria?
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What is one primary drawback of defining abnormality based on deviation from the ideal?
What is one primary drawback of defining abnormality based on deviation from the ideal?
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According to the distress criterion, what behavior is considered abnormal?
According to the distress criterion, what behavior is considered abnormal?
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Which definition of abnormality emphasizes the psychological consequences for the individual?
Which definition of abnormality emphasizes the psychological consequences for the individual?
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What major issue arises when labeling behaviors as abnormal due to mental illness?
What major issue arises when labeling behaviors as abnormal due to mental illness?
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What aspect of functioning is primarily considered when defining abnormality as the inability to function effectively?
What aspect of functioning is primarily considered when defining abnormality as the inability to function effectively?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding behaviors that cause distress to others?
Which of the following statements is true regarding behaviors that cause distress to others?
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Which concept is commonly misunderstood in the definition of abnormality related to mental health?
Which concept is commonly misunderstood in the definition of abnormality related to mental health?
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Why is the definition of abnormality based solely on personal discomfort potentially inadequate?
Why is the definition of abnormality based solely on personal discomfort potentially inadequate?
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How is the inability to function effectively typically assessed?
How is the inability to function effectively typically assessed?
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What does the study of abnormal psychology primarily focus on?
What does the study of abnormal psychology primarily focus on?
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Which of the following best describes cultural relativism in the context of abnormal behavior?
Which of the following best describes cultural relativism in the context of abnormal behavior?
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What is a criticism of defining abnormality based on deviation from the average?
What is a criticism of defining abnormality based on deviation from the average?
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What influences the way individuals express symptoms of mental distress?
What influences the way individuals express symptoms of mental distress?
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How can deviations from ideal behavior contribute to defining abnormality?
How can deviations from ideal behavior contribute to defining abnormality?
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Which of the following is a potential problem associated with cultural relativism?
Which of the following is a potential problem associated with cultural relativism?
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What criterion must behaviors meet to be classified as abnormal by the unusualness criterion?
What criterion must behaviors meet to be classified as abnormal by the unusualness criterion?
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What is a major challenge in identifying abnormal behavior using the statistical approach?
What is a major challenge in identifying abnormal behavior using the statistical approach?
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Which aspect can influence what is considered an acceptable treatment for maladaptive behavior?
Which aspect can influence what is considered an acceptable treatment for maladaptive behavior?
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What is one limitation of defining abnormality solely by social deviation?
What is one limitation of defining abnormality solely by social deviation?
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What is primarily used to differentiate between normal and abnormal behavior in the judicial system?
What is primarily used to differentiate between normal and abnormal behavior in the judicial system?
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Which of the following best defines the term 'insanity' in a legal context?
Which of the following best defines the term 'insanity' in a legal context?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four D's of abnormality?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four D's of abnormality?
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Why are the four D's of abnormality significant in understanding abnormal behavior?
Why are the four D's of abnormality significant in understanding abnormal behavior?
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What does 'dysfunction' refer to in the context of the four D's of abnormality?
What does 'dysfunction' refer to in the context of the four D's of abnormality?
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In which of the following circumstances can a plea of insanity be denied?
In which of the following circumstances can a plea of insanity be denied?
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Which D of abnormality emphasizes the social impact of behavior?
Which D of abnormality emphasizes the social impact of behavior?
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The concept of deviance in the four D's of abnormality primarily refers to what?
The concept of deviance in the four D's of abnormality primarily refers to what?
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Which factor is used to judge 'dangerousness' within the context of the four D's?
Which factor is used to judge 'dangerousness' within the context of the four D's?
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What is a potential drawback of relying solely on the four D's of abnormality in diagnosis?
What is a potential drawback of relying solely on the four D's of abnormality in diagnosis?
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Study Notes
Abnormal Psychology
- Abnormal psychology studies people experiencing emotional, mental, and often physical pain, also known as psychopathology.
- Defining abnormality considers context and circumstances surrounding a behavior, determining whether it's considered abnormal. Various criteria are used for this determination.
- Cultural relativism suggests that no universal standards exist for labeling behaviors as abnormal. Instead, behaviors are assessed relative to cultural norms.
- Cultural and gender differences affect how people express symptoms and their willingness to admit to certain behaviors.
- Cultural and gender factors also influence accepted treatments for maladaptive behaviors.
- Abnormality as deviation from the average involves statistically identifying rare behaviors as abnormal, however, this approach can be problematic as rare behaviors may not necessarily be abnormal.
- Unusualness, as a criterion for abnormality, considers behaviors that are unusual, atypical, or deviant as abnormal, but the degree of unusualness required to define a behavior as abnormal can be challenging to determine.
- Abnormality as deviation from the ideal compares behavior to a cultural standard or ideal, making it challenging to determine universally applicable standards across cultures and time periods.
- Distress as a criterion suggests that behaviors are abnormal if they cause distress to the individual or others, but personal interpretations of distress may create subjectivity.
- Abnormal behavior might stem from a lack of ability to function effectively in society, adjusting to societal demands, as well as meeting societal expectations.
- Legally, the definition of abnormality (i.e. insanity), varies by jurisdiction and is not a psychological term.
- The Four D's of abnormality (Dysfunction, Distress, Deviance and Dangerousness) capture major elements in describing abnormal behavior.
Major Psychological Disorders
- Anxiety disorders involve excessive fear or anxiety that interferes with daily functioning.
- Somatic symptom disorders include physical symptoms unexplained by a medical condition.
- Dissociative disorders are the result of disconnections in thoughts, identity, consciousness and memory.
- Depressive and bipolar disorders primarily affect mood states, resulting in significant emotional changes.
- Childhood disorders can significantly affect development and functioning, and can appear in different forms (e.g. ADHD, ASD).
- Personality disorders involve enduring patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience that deviate from cultural expectations.
- Schizophrenia spectrum disorders cause disruptions in thought processes, perception, and social interactions.
Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior
- Medical perspective suggests abnormal behavior stems from physiological causes, like hormonal or chemical imbalances, or brain injuries.
- Psychoanalytic perspective connects abnormal behavior to unresolved childhood conflicts, particularly related to sex and aggression.
- Behavioral perspective emphasizes learned responses to environmental stimuli through reinforcement and punishment.
- Cognitive perspective attributes abnormal behavior to faulty thought processes or cognitive distortions.
- Humanistic perspective suggests abnormal behavior arises from a failure to realize one's potential and emphasizes individual choice and responsibility.
- Sociocultural perspective emphasizes how social factors like family dynamics, societal expectations, and cultural norms shape both normal and abnormal behaviors.
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Description
Explore the foundations of abnormal psychology, focusing on the definitions and cultural considerations that affect the understanding of abnormal behavior. This quiz addresses how context influences the classification of psychopathology and the role of cultural and gender differences in treatment approaches. Test your knowledge on the criteria and perceptions of what constitutes abnormality.
