21 Questions
What is the consequence of non-disjunction during meiosis?
Gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes
Which chromosome abnormality can result in Down Syndrome?
Extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21)
Why are older parents advised to undergo prenatal testing like amniocentesis?
To detect chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus due to increased risk from non-disjunction
What characteristic distinguishes individuals with Down Syndrome?
Distinct facial features
How does non-disjunction lead to Down Syndrome?
By resulting in gametes with an extra copy of chromosome 21
What is the result of non-disjunction during Anaphase II?
Gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes
Which type of chromosome mutation can lead to Down Syndrome?
Non-disjunction of chromosome pair 21
Why are older parents, especially mothers, advised to undergo prenatal testing?
To identify chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus
What genetic condition is characterized by an extra chromosome 21?
Down Syndrome
How does non-disjunction contribute to the likelihood of Down Syndrome?
By increasing the chances of abnormal gametes combining
What specific maternal age factor increases the likelihood of non-disjunction?
35
Why are older parents advised to undergo prenatal testing like amniocentesis?
To detect chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus
What is characteristic of individuals with Down Syndrome?
Distinct facial features
What is the specific error known as non-disjunction in meiosis?
Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during Anaphase II
How many chromosomes are present in a gamete resulting from non-disjunction of chromosome pair 21?
24 chromosomes
What is the genetic condition resulting from an extra copy of chromosome 21?
Down Syndrome
In humans, which parental age factor increases the likelihood of non-disjunction?
Mother's age
What is the outcome when an abnormal gamete (with 24 chromosomes) fuses with a normal gamete (with 23 chromosomes)?
Resulting zygote with 47 chromosomes
What specific phase of meiosis does non-disjunction primarily occur in?
Anaphase I
What is the result of non-disjunction during Anaphase I?
An extra chromosome in each daughter cell
What type of testing is recommended for older parents to detect chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus?
Amniocentesis procedure
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