Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a characteristic of abnormal behaviour?
Which of the following is a characteristic of abnormal behaviour?
What is a significant challenge when determining abnormal behaviour in children?
What is a significant challenge when determining abnormal behaviour in children?
What role do parents typically play in the mental health treatment of youth?
What role do parents typically play in the mental health treatment of youth?
What is an important factor professionals should consider when assessing children's behaviour?
What is an important factor professionals should consider when assessing children's behaviour?
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What is often misconceived as the primary goal of treatment for children and adolescents?
What is often misconceived as the primary goal of treatment for children and adolescents?
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What is one of the significant challenges in providing care to patients needing extensive support?
What is one of the significant challenges in providing care to patients needing extensive support?
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Which factor enhances the incorporation of child voice in treatment decision-making?
Which factor enhances the incorporation of child voice in treatment decision-making?
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Which of the following is a concept developed by Sigmund Freud?
Which of the following is a concept developed by Sigmund Freud?
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B.F. Skinner is best known for which of the following contributions?
B.F. Skinner is best known for which of the following contributions?
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What was a common perception of children with intellectual and mental disorders during the mid-20th century?
What was a common perception of children with intellectual and mental disorders during the mid-20th century?
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Which of the following best illustrates a behavior change approach through positive reinforcement?
Which of the following best illustrates a behavior change approach through positive reinforcement?
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What were some of the fears associated with classical conditioning, as noted in the scientific approach?
What were some of the fears associated with classical conditioning, as noted in the scientific approach?
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What approach did practitioners start using around the 1950s to address various behavioral problems?
What approach did practitioners start using around the 1950s to address various behavioral problems?
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What is the main purpose of using checkmarks in Jason's homework routine?
What is the main purpose of using checkmarks in Jason's homework routine?
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Which of the following components is NOT part of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?
Which of the following components is NOT part of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?
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What aspect of well-being does positive psychology emphasize?
What aspect of well-being does positive psychology emphasize?
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In ABA, what does the term 'contingency management' typically refer to?
In ABA, what does the term 'contingency management' typically refer to?
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Which of the following is an independent variable (IV) in an experiment on CBT effectiveness?
Which of the following is an independent variable (IV) in an experiment on CBT effectiveness?
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What does the dependent variable (DV) measure in the context of CBT research?
What does the dependent variable (DV) measure in the context of CBT research?
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Which therapy approach did Dr. Aaron Beck develop?
Which therapy approach did Dr. Aaron Beck develop?
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What is a key focus of prevention in modern psychological practices?
What is a key focus of prevention in modern psychological practices?
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What is the essence of the scientific method in psychological research?
What is the essence of the scientific method in psychological research?
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What type of research involves randomly assigning participants to different intervention conditions?
What type of research involves randomly assigning participants to different intervention conditions?
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What is the primary focus of the humanitarian approach as described in the text?
What is the primary focus of the humanitarian approach as described in the text?
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Which choice accurately reflects the concept of 'stigma' associated with psychological disorders?
Which choice accurately reflects the concept of 'stigma' associated with psychological disorders?
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According to the provided content, what is one core criterion for diagnosing a psychological disorder?
According to the provided content, what is one core criterion for diagnosing a psychological disorder?
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Which aspect of the biopsychosocial model is highlighted by the focus on 'setting events' as potential causes of psychological disorders?
Which aspect of the biopsychosocial model is highlighted by the focus on 'setting events' as potential causes of psychological disorders?
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Which statement BEST reflects the core idea behind the deinstitutionalization movement?
Which statement BEST reflects the core idea behind the deinstitutionalization movement?
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What is the main idea conveyed by the statement 'We want patients to become healthier but also to feel better, happier and enjoy life'?
What is the main idea conveyed by the statement 'We want patients to become healthier but also to feel better, happier and enjoy life'?
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What is a key difference between the 'humanitarian approach' and the 'moral treatment' philosophy?
What is a key difference between the 'humanitarian approach' and the 'moral treatment' philosophy?
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Based on the content, what is a potential implication of the 'stigma' associated with psychological disorders?
Based on the content, what is a potential implication of the 'stigma' associated with psychological disorders?
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Study Notes
Abnormal Behaviour Overview
- Abnormal behaviour is defined as atypical, uncommon, or socially unacceptable behaviour that deviates from the norm.
- It can be distressing to the individual exhibiting the behaviour or to those around them.
- It often interferes with daily responsibilities and life goals.
- Determining what is 'normal' and 'abnormal' can be challenging.
Hypothetical Case Study
- Mental health in youth is increasingly scrutinized.
- A 6-year-old girl, Ava, exhibits behaviours like lining stuffed animals in a specific order, repeatedly checking belongings, and frequent handwashing.
- Parents struggle to determine if these actions indicate a developmental stage or a deeper issue.
Getting Started
- Parents often refer children for mental health treatment.
- It's crucial to ensure children's voices are heard and to obtain consent/assent.
- Assessments and treatment plans need careful explanation to the child.
Important Features
- Many children with psychological problems don't follow expected developmental trajectories.
- Professionals require a strong background in typical development.
- Knowledge of normative standards is essential.
- Understanding cultural differences and their impact on development is critical.
- Social and academic functioning are important aspects of developmental trajectories.
What is the Goal of Treatment for Children and Adolescents?
- Treatment aims to reduce distress and improve quality of life.
- It's not just about lessening symptoms but also empowering individuals to handle daily situations and develop coping skills for the future.
Criteria for a Psychological Disorder
- A psychological disorder involves a significant and measurable impairment in functioning.
- Impairment can be psychological, biological, or developmental.
- The behaviour must cause significant distress to the individual or others.
- Social differences, like those based on culture or religion, aren't considered disorders unless accompanied by distress and impaired functioning.
Social Impact of Psychological Problems
- Psychological disorders affect both the individual and their social circle.
- A stigma often surrounds psychological disorders.
- Stigma is a negative viewpoint which can lead to isolation and discrimination.
Causes of Abnormal Behaviour
- Abnormal behaviour is viewed through a biopsychosocial lens.
- Biological factors include genetic predisposition, physiological changes, and exposures to toxins.
- Psychological factors include past experiences, personality traits, coping mechanisms, and negative thought patterns.
- Sociocultural factors include social policies, family dynamics, exposure to discrimination and stigma, and life experiences.
Humanitarian Approach
- This approach believes people can develop self-control with quiet and restful environments.
- Stress and living conditions often exacerbate psychological disorders.
Deinstitutionalization Movement
- Mental hospitals shifted to community-based settings in the 1960s.
- This transition caused challenges such as a lack of resources and proper care.
- A significant shift has occurred toward client-centered treatment models, empowering clients to choose their treatment options.
Scientific Approach
- Various psychological models have been proposed, including those by Pavlov, Skinner, and Freud.
- Classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and psychoanalysis (Freud) are widely studied models.
Positive Reinforcement
- Positive reinforcement strengthens a behavior by rewarding desired or positive outcomes.
- This technique is very effective in changing a child's behavior.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- CBT is a popular therapy approach.
- It involves educating individuals on their symptoms and the development of coping and controlling mechanisms.
Recent Movements
- Recent emphasis in psychology is on prevention and growth, viewing disorders not as problems but as obstacles to well–being and fulfillment.
- Methods are being developed to support individuals before symptoms manifest, with a focus on providing the tools for successful well-being.
Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology
- Scientific methods in abnormal psychology emphasize objectivity in testing theories.
- This involves avoiding biases and using descriptive and experimental research designs.
- Translational research, in particular, aims to leverage discoveries to inform practice.
Experimental Design
- Independent variables (IVs) are manipulated in experiments to observe their effects on dependent variables (DVs).
- Randomized control trials (RCTs), and quasi-experimental designs, are common experimental methods in assessing the impact of interventions in treating disorders.
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Description
Explore the complexities of abnormal behavior through a hypothetical case study of a young girl's actions. This quiz delves into the challenges of defining normal versus abnormal behavior, especially in children. Understand how mental health assessments and treatment plans can be effectively communicated to young individuals.
