Abnormal and Emergency Procedures in Aviation

During a ditching, cabin crew members (CCMs) should wait at their stations for further instructions from the flight deck unless they are required to take immediate action.

The wings of an aircraft are designed to float above water during ditching, making the over-wing exits the priority for evacuation. CCMs should try to fit as many passengers as possible onto the wings due to the high likelihood that aft doors will be inoperable.

If forward doors are to be used for ditching, the SCCM (Senior Cabin Crew Member) must assess the water level and outside conditions. If the doors are above the water level, the escape slides should be inflated and detached for use as flotation devices. However, strong winds could potentially obstruct the exit with the slide.

If evacuating the aircraft is not necessary, the Pilot in Command (PIC) will command "Cancel Alert." CCMs should remain at their assigned stations for further instructions.

A set of hand signals is used by ground rescue and firefighting personnel to communicate with flight deck and cabin crew during emergencies. All crew members should be familiar with these standardized signals, which can be performed with hands, paddles, batons, or wands.

Crowd control is a vital element of emergency procedures. Passengers need to be directed quickly and effectively using clear, assertive commands.

In case of an emergency exit drying up, the Cabin Crew Manager (CCM) must prioritize attracting passengers to the affected exit.

Passengers with Reduced Mobility (PRM's) are to be evacuated last, ensuring their safety and well-being.

The cabin crew is responsible for evacuating unaccompanied passengers with reduced mobility.

Flight deck crew assists the cabin crew with evacuation after completing their duties, ensuring safe and complete evacuation.

After completing their duties, the flight deck crew assists cabin crew during evacuation, ensuring the aircraft is empty before leaving.

The CCM is responsible for taking essential emergency equipment, like a megaphone, first aid kit, and emergency locator transmitter (ELT), when leaving the aircraft.

Once outside, the CCM directs passengers to a safe area, keeps them grouped together, and takes a headcount, ensuring everyone is accounted for.

The crew's primary responsibility is the welfare of passengers, providing aid and support until rescued. The crew should mix with passengers to offer reassurance.

A type of fire extinguisher used to combat electrical fires on an aircraft.

If an oven fire occurs on an aircraft, the cabin crew should slightly open the oven door and discharge a small amount of Halon/Clean Agent into the oven, then shut the door and repeat this process until the fire is extinguished.

If an electrical fire occurs on an aircraft, the cabin crew should immediately inform fellow cabin crew members, the flight deck, and disconnect power to the affected appliance. If uncertain how to handle the specific situation, follow the instructions of the pilot in command.

In case of a galley waste bin fire, cabin crew should immediately alert other crew members, inform the pilots, and use Halon / Clean Agent (2-BTP) directly onto the waste bin inside the chute.

The proper procedure for dealing with a clothing fire involves stopping the person from running, calling out "Stop-Drop-Roll," and using a fire blanket to smother the flames.

After successfully extinguishing a fire on an aircraft, the used extinguishing equipment should be isolated from other equipment for safety reasons.

The cabin crew is responsible for documenting the fire incident in the aircraft's cabin log, known as the SCCM (System Control & Cabin Management) log.

Once a fire on an aircraft is extinguished, the affected area must be continuously monitored until the end of the flight.

When the plane reaches 14,000 feet, these lights automatically switch to bright to help passengers see in case of darkness.

This system helps to provide oxygen to the cabin in case of a rapid decompression. It includes oxygen masks, a PA system and a pressure-sensitive activation system. It automatically releases the oxygen masks to passengers at 14,000 feet.

The aircraft descends, providing less oxygen to the cabin. This is how the PSU system is triggered.

The masks automatically drop at 14,000 feet, and then these signs also illuminate to alert passengers to fasten their seatbelts and stay seated.

A loud sound plays alerting passengers to put on their masks. This sound is also triggered at 14,000 feet., along with the lights and signs.

Cabin Crew Members (CCMs) are immediately responsible for ensuring all passengers have their masks on. They should also call out 'Press mask on nose and mouth' to assist those who may not understand.

After the masks are deployed, it's important to stay seated and fastened until the pilot announces it is safe to remove the masks.

The chemical reaction used for oxygen generation creates heat which can start a fire. Additionally, the reaction produces a strong unpleasant odor.

The most important evacuation rule: all passengers must be evacuated before the crew leaves the aircraft. Only in life-threatening situations for the crew, they are allowed to leave first.

In an emergency evacuation, each Cabin Crew Member (CCM) must have specific equipment at their station. This includes a megaphone, flashlight, First Aid Kit (FAK), and potentially an Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT).

An evacuation should only be undertaken if the aircraft is in danger, for example, after a skidding landing. A minor incident without visible damage does not require immediate evacuation.

When an evacuation is initiated, it should be done quickly and decisively. All available resources must be utilized, and passengers should be directed to a safe distance from the aircraft.

Passengers should leave their hand luggage behind and focus on evacuating the aircraft as quickly as possible. This will speed up the evacuation process and ensure the safety of everyone.

Cabin Crew Members are trained to anticipate and manage potential panic reactions from passengers during an evacuation. They must intervene with prompt and decisive action.

Evacuations can be performed in three different scenarios: Without preparation, during boarding, with routine preparation after briefing, or with specific preparation after a problem detected in flight.

After ditching, passengers should be evacuated from the aircraft first, either into the water or onto the wings. Once all passengers are safe, the crew will deploy liferafts. This procedure should be familiar from the Takeoff and Landing (TITS) briefing.

Able-Bodied Persons (ABPs) are passengers selected to assist the crew during an emergency. They are briefed and given instructions to help evacuate passengers.

ABPs are chosen during boarding, prioritizing experienced individuals like deadheading crew, military personnel, and law enforcement officers.

ABPs are briefed on their roles and responsibilities, including operating emergency exits, directing passengers, and understanding the evacuation command.

If a Cabin Crew Member (CCM) becomes incapacitated during a crash landing, ABP 1 is responsible for opening the emergency exit.

ABPs are trained to keep passengers away from the emergency exit until the CCM instructs them to open it.

Cabin lights should be bright during preparations for an emergency. This helps provide visibility and clarity for both passengers and crew.

Hand luggage should be stowed away and overhead bins closed during emergency preparations. This ensures a clear and safe evacuation path.

Crew members should be dressed in full uniform during an emergency. This helps identify them and establish authority during the evacuation.