15 Questions
What is the primary goal of ablation studies?
To identify the functions controlled by the damaged regions, which can no longer be performed after the damage.
Which of the following methods of performing ablation is limited to removing surface-level structures?
Surgical aspiration.
What is the mechanism by which oxidopamine lesions work?
By mimicking dopamine and being taken up by reuptake channels, killing the cells.
What is the primary advantage of neurochemical lesions over other methods of ablation?
They allow for more precision and control.
What is the primary characteristic of cortical cooling?
It is a reversible method of temporarily stopping neuron function.
Which of the following methods of ablation involves the use of a wire to heat up and destroy tissue in a specific area?
Radio frequency lesions
What is the effect of excitotoxic lesions on neurons with axons passing through the damaged area?
They are not affected
What is the primary advantage of using muscimol to achieve cortical cooling?
It is a reversible and temporary method
Which of the following methods of ablation involves the use of a scalpal to sever nerve fibers?
Severing nerve fibers
What is the primary characteristic of cortical cooling that distinguishes it from other methods of ablation?
It is a reversible and temporary method of inhibiting neuron function
What is the key difference between excitotoxic lesions and oxidopamine lesions in terms of the neurons they affect?
Excitotoxic lesions affect neurons with axons passing through the damaged area, whereas oxidopamine lesions do not.
What is the advantage of using cryogenic blockade over surgical removal of brain tissue?
Cryogenic blockade is a less invasive method that does not require surgery.
What is the primary application of cortical cooling in ablation studies?
To study the function of specific neuron populations without damaging them.
What is the key limitation of surgical removal of brain tissue using a scalpal?
It is limited to removing only surface-level structures.
What is the effect of neurochemical lesions on the surrounding brain tissue?
They only affect the specific neuron population targeted.
Study Notes
Ablation Studies
- Ablation studies, also known as experimental ablation, involve deliberately destroying brain tissue or making brain lesions to observe changes in an animal's behavior.
- The goal is to identify the functions controlled by the damaged regions, which can no longer be performed after the damage.
Methods of Performing Ablation
- Surgical removal of brain tissue using a scalpal or similar instrument
- Surgical aspiration, which involves sucking out brain tissue
- Limited to removing surface-level structures
- Severing nerve fibers using a scalpal, preventing signals from reaching target areas
- Radio frequency lesions, which use a wire to heat up and destroy tissue in a specific area
- Neurochemical lesions, which allow for more precision and control
- Cortical cooling, or cryogenic blockade, temporarily stops neuron function without permanent damage
Neurochemical Lesions
- Excitotoxic lesions, which use chemicals like kainic acid to bind to glutamate receptors, causing an influx of calcium that kills the neuron
- Does not affect neurons with axons passing through the area
- Oxidopamine lesions, which selectively destroy dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons
- Works by mimicking dopamine and being taken up by reuptake channels, killing the cells
- Allows for precise control and targeting of specific neuron populations
Cortical Cooling
- Involves cooling down neurons until they stop functioning
- Can be done using a cryoloop, which circulates a chilled liquid between the skull and brain
- Temporary and reversible, allowing for the creation of temporary lesions
- Can also be achieved through neurochemical means, such as using muscimol to temporarily inhibit neurons
Ablation Studies
- Ablation studies involve deliberately destroying brain tissue or making brain lesions to observe changes in an animal's behavior, identifying the functions controlled by the damaged regions.
Methods of Performing Ablation
- Surgical removal of brain tissue is done using a scalpel or similar instrument.
- Surgical aspiration involves sucking out brain tissue, but is limited to removing surface-level structures.
- Severing nerve fibers using a scalpel prevents signals from reaching target areas.
- Radio frequency lesions use a wire to heat up and destroy tissue in a specific area.
- Neurochemical lesions allow for more precision and control.
- Cortical cooling, or cryogenic blockade, temporarily stops neuron function without permanent damage.
Neurochemical Lesions
- Excitotoxic lesions use chemicals like kainic acid to bind to glutamate receptors, causing an influx of calcium that kills the neuron.
- Excitotoxic lesions do not affect neurons with axons passing through the area.
- Oxidopamine lesions selectively destroy dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons.
- Oxidopamine lesions work by mimicking dopamine and being taken up by reuptake channels, killing the cells.
- Oxidopamine lesions allow for precise control and targeting of specific neuron populations.
Cortical Cooling
- Cortical cooling involves cooling down neurons until they stop functioning.
- Cortical cooling can be done using a cryoloop, which circulates a chilled liquid between the skull and brain.
- Cortical cooling is temporary and reversible, allowing for the creation of temporary lesions.
- Cortical cooling can also be achieved through neurochemical means, such as using muscimol to temporarily inhibit neurons.
Ablation Studies
- Ablation studies involve deliberately destroying brain tissue or making brain lesions to observe changes in an animal's behavior, identifying the functions controlled by the damaged regions.
Methods of Performing Ablation
- Surgical removal of brain tissue is done using a scalpel or similar instrument.
- Surgical aspiration involves sucking out brain tissue, but is limited to removing surface-level structures.
- Severing nerve fibers using a scalpel prevents signals from reaching target areas.
- Radio frequency lesions use a wire to heat up and destroy tissue in a specific area.
- Neurochemical lesions allow for more precision and control.
- Cortical cooling, or cryogenic blockade, temporarily stops neuron function without permanent damage.
Neurochemical Lesions
- Excitotoxic lesions use chemicals like kainic acid to bind to glutamate receptors, causing an influx of calcium that kills the neuron.
- Excitotoxic lesions do not affect neurons with axons passing through the area.
- Oxidopamine lesions selectively destroy dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons.
- Oxidopamine lesions work by mimicking dopamine and being taken up by reuptake channels, killing the cells.
- Oxidopamine lesions allow for precise control and targeting of specific neuron populations.
Cortical Cooling
- Cortical cooling involves cooling down neurons until they stop functioning.
- Cortical cooling can be done using a cryoloop, which circulates a chilled liquid between the skull and brain.
- Cortical cooling is temporary and reversible, allowing for the creation of temporary lesions.
- Cortical cooling can also be achieved through neurochemical means, such as using muscimol to temporarily inhibit neurons.
Ablation Studies
- Ablation studies involve deliberately destroying brain tissue or making brain lesions to observe changes in an animal's behavior, identifying the functions controlled by the damaged regions.
Methods of Performing Ablation
- Surgical removal of brain tissue is done using a scalpel or similar instrument.
- Surgical aspiration involves sucking out brain tissue, but is limited to removing surface-level structures.
- Severing nerve fibers using a scalpel prevents signals from reaching target areas.
- Radio frequency lesions use a wire to heat up and destroy tissue in a specific area.
- Neurochemical lesions allow for more precision and control.
- Cortical cooling, or cryogenic blockade, temporarily stops neuron function without permanent damage.
Neurochemical Lesions
- Excitotoxic lesions use chemicals like kainic acid to bind to glutamate receptors, causing an influx of calcium that kills the neuron.
- Excitotoxic lesions do not affect neurons with axons passing through the area.
- Oxidopamine lesions selectively destroy dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons.
- Oxidopamine lesions work by mimicking dopamine and being taken up by reuptake channels, killing the cells.
- Oxidopamine lesions allow for precise control and targeting of specific neuron populations.
Cortical Cooling
- Cortical cooling involves cooling down neurons until they stop functioning.
- Cortical cooling can be done using a cryoloop, which circulates a chilled liquid between the skull and brain.
- Cortical cooling is temporary and reversible, allowing for the creation of temporary lesions.
- Cortical cooling can also be achieved through neurochemical means, such as using muscimol to temporarily inhibit neurons.
Learn about ablation studies, a technique used to identify brain functions by deliberately destroying brain tissue or making lesions to observe behavioral changes in animals.
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